Ubusanzwe yitwa Robert Nesta Marley, yavutse tariki ya 6 Gashyantare mu 1945, mu gihugu cya Jamayika. Uyu muhanzi akaba yaritabye Imana ku ya 11 Gicurasi 1981 mu mujyi wa Miami muri leta ya Florida muri leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.
Bob Marley akiri ku isi, yaranzwe no gukora indirimbo zakundwaga kandi zigikunzwe n’imbaga y’abatuye isi biganjemo abarasita. Uyu mugabo ni umwe mu batumye umuziki wa Jamaica ndetse n’umuryango Rastafari umenyekana ku isi ndetse ubona abakunzi benshi. Nyakwigendera, ni we muhanzi wa mbere ku isi mu bakora injyana ya Raggae wabashije kugurisha ibihangano byinshi dore ko yagurishije ama CD agera kuri miliyoni 200.
Bob Marley
Bob Marley yabyawe n’umugore w’umwirabura witwa Cedella Marley Booker wari ufite imyaka 18 na se w’umuzungu witwa Norval Marley wari ufite imyaka 50. Kuvuka muri ubu buryo byatumye Bob Marley ahura n’ibibazo by’ivangura mu bwana bwe kugeza abaye ingimbi. Se wa Bob yitabye Imana uyu mwana afite imyaka 10 gusa.
Bob Marley ni umwe mu bahanzi bubatse izina ku rwego rw’isi, kugeza na n’ubu niwe muhanzi uzwi kurusha abandi washoboye guteza imbere no kumenyekanisha injyana ya rege. Akaba ari n’umuhanzi wa mbere mu mateka washoboye kugurisha CD nyinshi z’indirimbo mu njyana ya rege. Nyina wa Bob Marley ni Cedella Marley, umwirabura w’umunyajamayikakazi akaba yaramubyaye afite imyaka 18 y’amavuko.
Naho se ni Narval Marley akaba ari umuzungu w’umwongereza akaba wavukiye muri Jamayika yari umusirikare ufite ipeti rya kapiteni,we yari mu kigero cy’imyaka 50. Sekuru wa Bob Marley ni Albert Thomas Marley nyirakuru ni Ellen Broomfield. Bivugwa ko uyu muryango waba ukomoka ku bayahudi bo muri Siriya baje baturuka mu bwongereza mbere yo kujya gutura mu gihugu cya Jamayika.
Ababyeyi ba Narvel Marley ngo ntibanejejwe no kubona umuhungu wabo acudika n’umugore ufite uruhu rwirabura. Mu bwana bwe, ntiyashimishijwe no kutabona se hafi ye, kuko afite hagati y’imyaka 5n’itandatu nibwo se yamujyanye mu mujyi kugira ngo amushyire mu ishuri. Nyuma yo kumara igihe atamenya amakuru y’umwana we, nyina wa Bob Marley yamusanze mu muhanda wa Kingston aho yari yarahawe umukecuru yafashaga amutuma. Iyi niyo yabaye inshuro ya nyuma Cedella yabonaniyeho na Narval ahita amwambura umwana we.
Ubuzima bubi bwamuteye gukorana umwete
Mu gihe cye cy’ubugimbi, Bob Marley yavuye mu buzima bw’icyaro butari bumworoheye, ajya gushakisha ubuzima mu mujyi i Trenchtown muri Kingston. Ahageze yahamenyaniye na Neville Livingston wanitwaga Bunny Wailer na Winston Hubert McIntosh unitwa Peter Tosh bafatanyije guhimba no kuririmba. Mu 1962, ku myaka 17 y’amavuko, nibwo Bob Marley yasohoye indirimbo ye ya mbere yise ‘judje not’ bisobanura ngo ntugace urubanza. Muri iki gihe indirimbo ze ntizakunzwe cyane ariko ntibyamuciye intege yakomeje gushyira ingufu ze mu buhanzi.
Mu
1963, afatanyije na Junior Braithwaithe, Peter Tosh na Bunny Wailer bakoze
itsinda bise ‘Wailers bisobanura ‘ababibyi’. Bashoboye gusinyana
kontaro(contrat) na studio One mu 1964 bikaba byaraborohereje gusohora
indirimbo zabo.
Nyuma yo gushyingiranwa na Ritha Anderson mu 1966, Bob Marley yasubiye
gushaka nyina wari waramaze nawe gushaka undi mugabo w’umunyajamayika
witwa Booker bakaba bari baragiye gutura muri Amerika. Bob yashatse
akazi ko gukora muri hoteri yitwa Dupont, ariko ntibyamubuza kubibangikanya no
kujya yandika indirimbo.
Kuba nta muterankunga ubifitiye ubushobozi yari afite, kugira ngo amufashe mu
icuruzwa ry’ibihangano bye, indirimbo ze ntizagurwaga ku buryo bushimishije. Ku
bw’izo mpamvu Bob Marley byamuteye ubukene ku buryo kuba mu mugi
n’umugore we Ritha, ndetse n’abana babo babiri (2) Cedella na Ziggy. Ibi
byatumye asubira mu cyaro aho yavukiye mu 1967.
Nta mikoro ahagije, mu 1969 Bob Marley yongeye gusanga nyina muri Amerika.
Ahageze yashatse akazi ko gukora mu ruganda rukora ibijyanye n’amamodoka rwa
crysler. Umugore we n’abana nyuma baje kuhamusanga.
Imwe muri album ze zamumenyekanishije ikanagurwa kurusha izindi ni iyo
yise « no woman no cry » aho iyi ndirimbo no woman no cry irimo ubutumwa
buhumuriza umugore uba mu buzima bubi no guhohoterwa.
Ntiyaciwe intege n’abamurwanyaga
Tariki 3 ukuboza mu 1976, Bob Marley yararusimbutse, i Kingston mbere ya
konseri (concert) agiye gukora. Abantu batandatu bafite intwaro bamutegeye
iwe, bamurasa isasu ryamufashe ukuboko, irindi mu gituza, mu itako, irindi
rikomeretsa umugore we Ritha mu mutwe ariko ntiryamuhitana. Don Taylor,
umunyamerika wamufashaga mu bya muzika (manager) nawe yarashwe amasasu 6
aramukomeretsa. Uwashoboye kumenyekana muri aba bagizi ba nabi harimo Jim
Broun.
Iminsi nyuma y’uko ibi biba, Bob Marley yitabiriye igitaramo i Kingiston. Umwe
mu banyamakuru amubajije impamvu yaje nyuma y’igihe gito agiriwe nabi,
yaramusubije ngo “ niba abantu bagerageza guhungabanya isi bataruhuka, ni gute
njye nabikora ? »
Ku iherezo ry’ubuzima bwe, Bob Marley yayobotse idini y’aba ortodoxe bo muri
Etiyopiya. Bob Marley yifuje gusoreza ubuzima bwe muri Etiyopiya, ariko
ntibyashobotse kuko yaguye i Miami ku ya 11 Gicurasi 1981. Yashyinguwe ku ya 21
Gicurasi muri paruwasi yavukiyemo, ya Mutagatifu Ann aho uyu muhango witabiriwe
n’abantu benshi.
Bob Marley yagiye afatwa n’abantu bo mu bihe bitandukanye nk’umuvugizi
w’abatagira kivurira. Yashatse kugaragaza uburyo amateka y’abirabura
yacuritswe.
Abana ba Bob Marley bazwi ni 11, harimo batanu yabyaranye n’umugore we Ritha,
harimo babiri muri bo batari abe. Umukobwa we mukuru Imani Carole,
wavutse ku ya 22 gicurasi 1963 ntiyigeze amwemera, akaba yaramubyaranye
na Cheryl Muray. Nyuma yo gushakana na Ritha, Bob yakiriye umwana witwa Sharon
amurerana n’abe.
Bamwe mu bana be babaye abahanzi nka se harimo : Ky-Mani Marley, Damian
Marley, Ziggy Marley, Julian Marley Rohan Marley we yabaye umukinnyi
wabigize umwuga mu mupira w’amaguru muri Amerika.
Abana ba Bob Marley :
1. Cedella Marley yavutse ku ya 23 Kanama 1967, ku
mugore witwa Rita ;
2. David « Ziggy », yavutse ku ya 17
ukwakira 1968, ku mugore witwa Rita ;
3. Stephen, yavutse ku ya 20 Mata 1972, ku mugore witwa
Rita ;
4. Robert « Robbie yavutse ku ya 16 Gicurasi
1972, ku mugore witwa Pat Williams ;
5. Rohan yavutse ku ya 19 Gicurasi 1972, ku
mugore witwa Janet Hunt ;
6. Karen, yavutse 1973, ku mugore witwa Janet
Bowen ;
7. Stephanie yavutse ku ya 17 kanama 1974 umukobwa ritha
yabyaranye n’undi mugabo witwa Ital ariko bob aramwakira nk’umwana we.
8. Julian yavutse ku ya 4 kamena 1975, ku mugore
witwa Lucy Pounder ;
9. Ky-Mani, né le 26 février 1976, amubyarana na Anita
Belnavis ;
10. Damian « Junior Gong yavutse ku ya 21
Nyakanga 1978, ku mugore witwa Cindy Breakspeare.
Munyengabe Murungi Sabin.