Nk'uko tubikesha ikinyamakuru BBC, aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko ari bwo bwa mbere mu mateka igice cy’ingenzi kigize urukingo cyose cyakozwe hifashishijwe AI, nyuma rukageragerezwa ku bantu. Ni intambwe ikomeye ishobora guhindura uburyo isi yitegura guhangana n’indwara z’ibyorezo.
Uru rukingo rwakozwe rugamije kurinda abantu virusi zose zo mu bwoko bwa coronavirus, harimo amoko yose ya Covid-19 ndetse na zimwe muri coronavirus ziboneka mu nyamaswa ariko zishobora kuzanduza abantu zigateza icyorezo gishya.
Mu buryo busanzwe, inkingo zikorwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa virusi buriho icyo gihe. Icyakora, virusi nyinshi zirimo iza Covid-19 n’iz’ibicurane zikunze guhindagurika vuba, bigatuma inkingo zari zarakozwe zitakaza ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubwirinzi busesuye. Ibi ni byo bituma inkingo zimwe na zimwe zisaba kuvugururwa buri mwaka.
Mu gushaka igisubizo kirambye kuri iki kibazo, abashakashatsi bo muri Cambridge bakusanyije amakuru y’uturemangingo (genetic codes) twa coronavirus zitandukanye zari zaragaragajwe n’amakuru yakusanyijwe n’inzego zikurikirana indwara zishobora guteza ibyorezo.
Aya makuru yaje gusesengurwa na AI, ihita ikora icyo bise “super-antigen”, igice cy’urukingo gishobora kwigisha ubwirinzi bw’umubiri kumenya no kurwanya coronavirus nyinshi icyarimwe, harimo n’izishobora guhinduka cyangwa se zikava mu nyamaswa zikanduza abantu.
Prof. Jonathan Heeney uyoboye iri tsinda yavuze ko igihe kigeze ngo abahanga bareke guhora biruka inyuma y’impinduka za virusi ahubwo batangire kuzijya imbere.
Yagize ati: “Icyo tugamije ni ugukora inkingo zitaturinda gusa virusi zihari uyu munsi, ahubwo zikadufasha no kwitegura indwara n’ibyorezo bishobora kuvuka ejo hazaza. Ibi ni impinduka zikomeye mu buryo twitegura ibyorezo.”
Kugeza ubu, uru rukingo rwageragerejwe ku bantu 39 hagamijwe kureba niba rufite umutekano. Ubushakashatsi bwa kabiri burimo gukorwa ku bantu hafi 200 buzafasha kumenya neza ubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukangura ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi Journal of Infection, aho byagaragaje ko kugeza ubu ingaruka z’urukingo ku mikorere y’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri zitaragera ku rwego rwo hejuru, ariko abahanga bavuga ko ibisubizo byabonetse bitanga icyizere gikomeye.
Prof. Saul Faust wo muri Kaminuza ya Southampton, wagize uruhare mu igeragezwa ry’uru rukingo, yavuze ko iri koranabuhanga rifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gufasha mu gukora inkingo z’ahazaza, cyane cyane ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi zihora zihinduka.
Ati: “Ikintu gishimishije cyane ni uko AI ishobora gukora neza kurushaho mu gutegura inkingo z’indwara zishobora guteza ibyorezo, cyane cyane igihe virusi zihinduka buri gihe.”
Mu gihe ubushakashatsi kuri coronavirus bugikomeje, itsinda rya Cambridge ryatangiye no gukora izindi nkingo zikoresha iri koranabuhanga. Harimo urukingo rw’indwara y’ibicurane rudasaba kuvugururwa buri mwaka, urukingo rwa H5N1 (bird flu) ndetse n’urwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi zitera kuva amaraso, zirimo Ebola.
Abandi bahanga batagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi na bo bavuga ko AI ishobora kuba igikoresho gihindura burundu ubushakashatsi ku nkingo. Prof. Andy Pollard, uyobora Oxford Vaccine Group, yavuze ko nubwo hakiri urugendo rwo kureba uko uru rukingo ruzakora ku bantu benshi, ibisubizo by’ibanze bitanga icyizere.
Na ho Prof. Marian Knight, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri National Institute for Health and Care Research, yavuze ko intsinzi y’igeragezwa rya mbere ry’iyi “super-antigen” yakozwe na AI ari intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo kubona inkingo zitanga ubwirinzi bwagutse kandi burambye.
Niba ubu bushakashatsi buzakomeza gutanga umusaruro nk’uko byitezwe, AI ishobora kuzaba imwe mu ntwaro zikomeye isi izifashisha mu gukumira ibyorezo no gutabara ubuzima bw’abaturage mbere y’uko indwara nshya zikwirakwira.