Kwerekana ubu buryo bwa misile byabereye mu muhango wo gutaha icyicaro gikuru gishya cy’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’Ingabo za Misiri kizwi nka “Octagon”, giherereye mu murwa mukuru mushya w’ubutegetsi wa Misiri. Iki gikorwa cyitabiriwe na Perezida wa Misiri, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, ubwo yafunguraga iki kigo gikomeye cya gisirikare.
Muri uwo muhango, ingabo za Misiri zerekanye ibikoresho bitandukanye bikomeye birimo indege z’intambara nka Rafale z’u Bufaransa, F-16 zo muri Amerika, MiG-29M z’u Burusiya, kajugujugu za Apache n’iza Ka-52, ndetse n’uburyo bushya bwo kurinda ikirere bwa S-300VM.
Misiri yerekanye ku mugaragaro iyi sisitemu ya misile, ariko ni bwo bwa mbere yemeje ko iri mu bikoresho byayo by’ingenzi byo kurinda ikirere, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi amakuru yayo yaravugwaga ariko itajya itangaza byinshi kuri yo.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru BBC Gahuzamiryango, amakuru y’uko Misiri yari yaguze uburyo bwa S-300VM yatangiye kugaragara mu mwaka wa 2014, ubwo Cairo yatangiraga kongera umubano w’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare na Moscou.
Aya masezerano yari afite agaciro k’arenga miliyari imwe y’amadolari ya Amerika, akaba yari mu masezerano manini yo kugura intwaro hagati y’u Burusiya na Misiri yari afite agaciro ka hafi miliyari 3.5 z’amadolari.
Aya masezerano yarimo ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo bateri za misile zirinda ikirere, ibigo biyobora ibikorwa, ibikoresho bifasha mu gukoresha misile ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare.
Mu ntangiriro, ubuyobozi bw’u Burusiya ntibwahise bwemera ko ayo masezerano yabayeho, ariko nyuma amakuru yagiye agaragaza ko Moscou yari yaratangiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Raporo zagaragaje ko mu mwaka wa 2017 hari amafoto yafashwe ku cyambu cya Alexandria muri Misiri yerekana ibikoresho bya S-300VM byinjijwe muri icyo gihugu.
S-300VM ni iki? Ese ikora iki?
S-300VM, izwi kandi ku izina rya Antey-2500, ni uburyo bwo kurinda ikirere bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’u Burusiya cya Almaz-Antey. Mu bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba izwi ku izina rya SA-23 Gladiator/Giant.
Ni imwe muri sisitemu za misile zigezweho zoherezwa hanze n’u Burusiya, ikaba yaragenewe kurinda ibihugu ibitero bitandukanye byo mu kirere.
Ubu buryo bushobora guhangana n’indege z’intambara, indege zitagira abapilote (drones), misile zituruka mu kirere, misile z’intera ngufi n’iziciriritse, ndetse n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ntambara z’ikoranabuhanga.
Raporo z’abahanga mu bya gisirikare zivuga ko S-300VM ishobora gukurikirana ibintu byinshi icyarimwe, ikarasa indege ku ntera igera kuri kilometero 200, naho misile ikazirwanya ku ntera ishobora kugera kuri kilometero 250.
Ibi biha Misiri ubushobozi bwo kurinda ahantu hanini cyane, cyane cyane ibigo byayo by’ingenzi bya gisirikare n’ubuyobozi.
Mu myaka ishize, hari amakuru yavugaga ko Misiri yari ifite S-300VM, ariko nta gihamya gifatika yatangwaga.
Kuyerekana muri Octagon byahaye isi ikimenyetso gikomeye ko ubu buryo buri mu bikoresho by’ingabo za Misiri kandi ko bushobora kuba bumaze igihe bukora mu rwego rwo kurinda ikirere cy’igihugu.
Misiri yari isanzwe ifite ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda ibitero byo mu kirere burimo Tor, Buk, radar za Protivnik-GE, ndetse na sisitemu za Pantsir, ariko S-300VM yongeraho ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibitero biri ku ntera ndende.
Kugura S-300VM kwa Misiri byateye impaka mu karere, cyane cyane muri Israel, aho bamwe mu bashinzwe umutekano bagaragaje impungenge ku mpamvu Cairo yashakaga uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda ikirere cyayo.
Mu mwaka wa 2015, umuyobozi wa Misiri yabwiye Reuters ko igihugu cye cyubaka ubu bushobozi kubera kureba ibibazo bishobora kuva mu burasirazuba, atari mu majyaruguru aho Israel iherereye.
Ibi byasobanuwe na bamwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko Misiri yarebaga cyane ibibazo bishobora guterwa na Iran n’andi makimbirane yo mu karere, aho kuba umubano wayo na Israel.
Nyamara abasesenguzi ba gisirikare bavuze ko intwaro nk’izi zishobora gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo kongera ubwigenge bwa gisirikare no kutishingikiriza ku gihugu na kimwe gitanga intwaro.
Misiri ikomeje kuba igihangange mu bya gisirikare muri Afurika
Misiri imaze imyaka myinshi ifatwa nk’igihugu gifite igisirikare gikomeye muri Afurika kubera ubwinshi bw’intwaro zacyo ndetse n’uburyo zitandukanye.
Iki gihugu gifite indege z’intambara zituruka mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Amerika, u Burusiya n’u Bufaransa, ibintu bigiha uburyo bwo kutishingikiriza ku ruganda rumwe rukora intwaro.
Nk’uko urubuga Global Firepower rubitangaza, Misiri iri ku mwanya wa mbere muri Afurika mu kugira igisirikare gikomeye, ndetse ikaba iri mu bihugu 20 bya mbere ku isi mu mwaka wa 2026.
Kwerekana S-300VM rero ni ikindi kimenyetso cy’uko Cairo ikomeje gushora imari mu kongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda, mu gihe Afurika ikomeje kubona impinduka mu bijyanye n’imbaraga za gisirikare n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu n’abakora intwaro ku isi.
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bikomeje kuvugurura ingabo zabyo, Misiri yo ikomeje kugaragaza ko ishaka kuguma ku isonga mu kugira ubushobozi bwo kurinda ikirere no guhangana n’iterabwoba ryo mu gihe kizaza.