Biyobowe n’ikimaze imyaka 116: Ibibuga 10 by’indege byubatswe kera n’ubu bikaba bigikora

Ibi bibuga byatangiye kubakwa mu gihe indege zari ibintu bidasanzwe, zihaguruka ku butaka busanzwe, bikaba bigaragara ko urugendo rw’iterambere ry'ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere. N’ubwo byinshi byavuguruwe, ibibuga 10 bikurikira biracyakomeje kwakira abagenzi, ndetse bifatwa nk'inzu ndangamateka z’ukuri.

1. College Park Airport (CGS) – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (1909)

Iki ni cyo kibuga cy’indege cya mbere ku isi kigikora, cyashinzwe mu kwezi kwa Munani mu 1909 na Wilbur Wright, umwe mu bavumbuye indege, aho yigishirizaga abasirikare b’Amerika gutwara indege.

Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, mu 1911, hatangiye indege za gisivili. Iki kibuga cyahawe izina rya “cradle of aviation” kubera uruhare rwcyo mu gutangiza urugendo rw’indege muri Amerika. Nyuma y’ibitero byo ku ya 11 Nzeri 2001, ibikorwa byinshi byarahagaze kubera impungenge z’umutekano, ariko kugeza n’ubu kiracyakora ku gipimo gito.

2. Hamburg Airport (HAM) – Ubudage (1911)

Iki kibuga nicyo cya kabiri mu bimaze igihe kinini bikora ku isi. Cyafunguwe mu 1911, kibera Ubudage urufunguzo mu bucuruzi bwo mu kirere.

Hagati ya 2001 na 2009, cyavuguruwe n’umushinga watwaye amadolari miliyoni 370, hubakwa ikibuga kinini cyakira indege nini nka Airbus A380. Ubu gihuriza hamwe abagenzi barenga miliyoni 13 ku mwaka, kikagwaho indege ziturutse ahantu 125 hirya no hino i Burayi, Dubai na Doha binyuze kuri Emirates na Qatar Airways.

3. Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu Airport (BBU) – Rumaniya (1912)

Cyashinzwe na George Valentin Bibescu, umwe mu batangije amashuri y’indege i Rumaniya. Iki kibuga ni cyo cya kera kurusha ibindi muri Afurika y’i Burasirazuba kigikora.

Cyakiriye indege za TAROM igihe kirekire, ariko nyuma cyagenewe indege zihariye n’izigenga. N’ubwo kitagikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi rusange, gikora nk’ikibuga cyihariye ku bashoramari n’abakora ingendo zihariye.

4. Bremen Airport (BRE) – Ubudage (1913)

Cyari kimwe mu bibuga bya mbere mu Budage byubatswe byihariye ku ndege.

KLM yatangiye kugikoramo mu 1920, kikaba kimwe mu byari bibumbatiye ingendo mpuzamahanga z’imbere mu Burayi. Nyuma y'Intambara ya kabiri y’isi, Lufthansa yahagaruye ibikorwa byayo. Ubu gihuza abagenzi barenga miliyoni 1.8 buri mwaka, kigafasha amajyepfo y’Ubudage kugera kuri byinshi mu Burayi.

5. Rome Ciampino Airport (CIA) – Ubutaliyani (1916)

Cyari ikibuga nyamukuru cy’i Roma kugeza mu 1960, ubwo hafungurwaga Fiumicino. Nyuma yaho, Ciampino cyahindutse ikibuga cyakira abagenzi mu ndege z’ubucuruzi ziciriritse n’iz’abashyitsi badasanzwe.

Kuva mu 2007, abagenzi batangiye kongera kuhagana cyane bitewe n’amasosiyete y’indege aciriritse. Gifite terminal imwe yihariye, n’imiryango 16 y’indege zigana mu bihugu byinshi by’i Burayi.

6. Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS) – u Buholandi (1916)

Cyatangiye ari ibirindiro bya gisirikare mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi, nyuma y’intambara gihinduka icya gisivili.

Kiri mu mahuriro y’indege akomeye ku isi, gifite 'terminal' imwe nini igabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu. Gifite inzira 6 zo kugurukiraho, cyakira indege nini cyane kandi gifite amanota yisumbuye mu gutinda ku ngendo. Mu 2023, cyakiriye abagenzi mpuzamahanga barenga miliyoni 62.

7. Paris-Le Bourget Airport (LBG) – u Bufaransa (1919)

Ni ho Charles Lindbergh yahagaritse indege ye mu 1927 nyuma yo kuguruka wenyine avuye muri Amerika yambutse inyanja ya Atlantic.

Cyari ikibuga nyamukuru i Paris kugeza mu 1932, ariko nyuma yaho cyahawe imirimo yihariye irimo kwakira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Paris Air Show rihabera buri myaka ibiri.

8. Sydney Airport (SYD) – Australia (1920)

Ni cyo kibuga cya mbere cyubatswe muri Hemisphere y’Amajyepfo kigikora. Cyubatswe mu 1920, kiza kuvugururwa mu 1933 hashyirwaho ‘gravel runways’.

Mu 1969 hatangiye gukoreshwa Boeing 707. Ubu ni cyo kibuga kinini muri Australia, cyakira abagenzi barenga miliyoni 40 buri mwaka, kikaba icyicaro cya Qantas, Jetstar na Virgin Australia.

9. Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (1920)

Cyatangiye ari Speedway Field, nyuma cyitwa Wold-Chamberlain Field mu 1923, kiza kwitwa MSP mu 1948.

Ni urufunguzo rw’ingendo zo hagati muri Amerika, cyakira indege zijya i London Heathrow, Amsterdam no muri Korea y’Epfo. Kiri ku isonga mu ihuriro ry’indege ryo hagati mu gihugu.

10. Albany International Airport (ALB) – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (1928)

Cyashinzwe mu 1928 kigamije gufasha agace ka New York. Mu 1962, cyaravuguruwe gihabwa isura ijyanye n’igihe, hakurikiraho andi mavugurura mu 1979 na 1998.

Mu 2000, hubatswe 'terminal' yihariye ya Southwest Airlines. Ubu cyakira abagenzi barenga miliyoni 2.7 buri mwaka, kikaba umuyoboro ukomeye uhuza New York yo mu Majyaruguru n’ibindi bice bya Amerika n’amahanga.

Icyo ibi bibuga bivuze mu mateka

Ibi bibuga si inzira gusa zihuza isi n’ikirere, ni n’inyandiko z’amateka zigaragaza uko ikoranabuhanga ryagiye ritera imbere. Kuva kuri Wright watozaga abasirikare mu College Park, kugera kuri Schiphol yakira abagenzi miliyoni 60 ku mwaka, buri kibuga gifite inkuru yacyo yihariye.

Ushobora kuhicara utegereje indege utabizi, nyamara uri ahantu hatangaje mu mateka y’ubugeni bw’indege.