Bigenda bite ngo umuziki utume usesa urumeza? Ibisobanuro bya siyansi

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umuziki ushobora gutera iki gikorwa cy’umubiri, cyane cyane iyo indirimbo runaka ikanguye amarangamutima akomeye.

Mu 1980, Avram Goldstein, umushakashatsi mu bijyanye na siyansi y’imitekerereze, yasohoye ubushakashatsi bwiswe Thrills in Response to Music and Other Stimuli mu kinyamakuru Physiological Psychology.

Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, Goldstein yasesenguye ibyiyumvo abantu bagira iyo bahuye n’ibintu bibakoze ku mutima, harimo kumva umuziki. Yagaragaje ko umuziki ushobora gutera abantu ibyiyumvo bikomeye, birimo ibyishimo, guhinda umushyitsi no gusesa urumeza.

Mu bushakashatsi bwe 96% by’ababajijwe bari barigeze kugira ibyiyumvo nk’ibi igihe bumvaga umuziki. Icyakora, iyi mibare ishingiye ku itsinda ry’abantu ubu bushakashatsi bwakoreweho, ntibivuze ko 96% by’abantu bose ku isi basesa urumeza iyo bumvise indirimbo.

Kuki indirimbo zimwe zituma usesa urumeza kurusha izindi?

Muri 2021, Rémi de Fleurian na Marcus T. Pearce, abashakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’imitekerereze n’umuziki, basesenguye indirimbo 988 zari zaragaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bwabanje ko zishobora gutera abantu gusesa urumeza.

Ubushakashatsi bwabo bwiswe The Relationship Between Valence and Chills in Music: A Corpus Analysis, bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru i-Perception ku wa 27 Nyakanga 2021.

Abashakashatsi bagereranyije izo ndirimbo n’izindi zatoranyijwe hashingiwe ku muhanzi, igihe zimara n’uko zakunzwe. Basanze indirimbo zitera gusesa urumeza, ugereranyije, zarushagaho kugira injyana ituje, kutagira urusaku rwinshi no kuba zirimo ibikoresho bya muzika kurusha amajwi y’abantu.

Nanone kandi, izo ndirimbo zagaragazaga amarangamutima y’agahinda kurusha izindi zari zagereranyijwe na zo. Icyakora, ibyo ntibivuze ko indirimbo zibabaje ari zo zonyine zitera urumeza; indirimbo zishimishije na zo zishobora gutuma umuntu arusesa.

Iyo umuntu yumva indirimbo, ubwonko bwe bugenda buteganya amajwi akurikiraho hashingiwe ku njyana n’uko umuziki ari kumva uteye. Iyo habaye impinduka atari yiteze, bishobora gutuma arushaho kwita kuri iyo ndirimbo no kuyumva mu buryo bukomeye.

Urugero ni igihe indirimbo itangira buhoro, amajwi akagenda yiyongera, ibikoresho bya muzika bikagenda byiyongera, hanyuma umuririmbyi agahindura uburyo aririmbamo. Izo mpinduka zishobora gutuma umuntu agira ibyiyumvo bikomeye, ndetse akumva amashanyarazi mu mubiri, agasesa urumeza.

Ibi ntibibaho kuri buri muntu cyangwa kuri buri ndirimbo. Uko umuntu akunda umuziki, ibyo yibuka, amarangamutima ye n’icyo indirimbo imwibutsa bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo ayakira.

Uruhare rw’ubwonko n’umusemburo wa dopamine

Mu mwaka wa 2006, David Huron, umuhanga mu bijyanye n’umuziki n’imitekerereze muri Kaminuza ya Leta ya Ohio, yasohoye igitabo Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation. Yasobanuye uburyo ubwonko buteganya amajwi akurikiraho n’uko amajwi atunguranye ashobora kugira uruhare mu marangamutima umuntu agira yumva umuziki.

Nanone, muri 2011, Valorie N. Salimpoor na bagenzi be batangaje ubushakashatsi mu kinyamakuru Nature Neuroscience, bwerekanye ko kumva umuziki utera ibyishimo bikomeye bifitanye isano no kurekurwa kwa dopamine mu bwonko.

Dopamine ni umusemburo ugira uruhare mu buryo ubwonko bwakira ibyiyumvo by’amarangamutima, gutegereza ikintu gishimishije no kumva umunezero. Abashakashatsi basanze igikorwa cyayo mu bice bimwe by’ubwonko cyiyongeraga igihe abantu bumvaga umuziki wabateraga ibyiyumvo bikomeye.

Icyakora, dopamine si yo yonyine isobanura impamvu umuntu usesa urumeza iyo yumva indirimbo. Uko umuntu yiyumva, ibyo yibuka n’uburyo umuziki uteye na byo bishobora kubigiramo uruhare.

Kuki usesa urumeza kandi nta bukonje buhari?

Urumeza ni ikintu gisanzwe ku mubiri. Iyo umuntu akonje cyangwa agize amarangamutima akomeye, uturemangingo duto tw’imikaya turi munsi y’uruhu turagabanuka, tugatuma utwoya two ku mubiri duhagarara. Iki gikorwa mu rurimi rwa siyansi cyitwa piloerection.

Ku nyamaswa zifite ubwoya bwinshi, guhagarara kw’ubwoya bishobora gufasha kugumana ubushyuhe cyangwa gutuma zigaragara nk’izikomeye kurushaho iyo zifite ubwoba. Ku bantu, ubu buryo ntibugifite akamaro nk’ako ku nyamaswa zifite ubwoya bwinshi, ariko umubiri uracyabukoresha mu bihe bitandukanye.

Ushobora gutekereza ko abantu badasesa urumeza iyo bumva indirimbo bafite ikibazo, cyangwa batameze nk’abandi. Nyamra, abantu bose ntibabyitwaramo kimwe. Hari abumva indirimbo bagasesa urumeza, abandi bakumva ibyishimo cyangwa agahinda ariko ntibagire igihinduka ku mibiri yabo.

Nta n’ubwo ari ngombwa ko umuntu asesa urumeza kugira ngo agaragaze ko indirimbo yamukoze ku mutima. Uko abantu bakira umuziki biratandukanye, bitewe n’ibyo bakunda, ibyo bibuka n’uko biyumva.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umuziki ushobora gutuma umuntu agira ibyiyumvo bikomeye, ndetse agasesa urumeza nubwo nta bukonje buhari. Ibi bifitanye isano n’uko ubwonko bwakira umuziki, uko buteganya amajwi akurikiraho n’amarangamutima umuntu agira.

Ubutaha niwumva indirimbo ukunda ugatangira gusesa urumeza, uzamenye ko ari igisubizo gisanzwe cy’umubiri gishobora guterwa n’uko umuziki wakoze ku marangamutima yawe.