(Rossum’s Universal Robots) ryanditswe n’umwanditsi witwa Karel ÄŒapek. Muri iyo kinamico, “robot " ryasobanuraga ibinyabuzima byakozwe n’abantu bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo myinshi isanzwe abantu bakora. Nyamara, igitekerezo cy’ibikoresho byikora sicyari gishya, kuko tugisanga no mu mateka y’ubwenge bwa muntu n’ibitekerezo by’abahanga kuva kera.
Mu Bugiriki bwa kera, nk’umunyabwenge Heron wa Alexandria batekerezaga ku bikoresho bishobora kuba byabaho bishobora kwikorera imirimo y’abantu, bakoresheje imbaraga z’umwuka n’amazi. Icyo gihe, ibitekerezo by’imashini zifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyobora byari bihanzwe amaso nk'ubwenge bukomeye.Muri iyi ntera, umusanzu w’abahanga b’abayislamu hagati y’ikinyejana cya 8 n’icya 13 ntiwakwirengagizwa.
Umuhanga witwaga Al-Jazari yakoze imashini zitandukanye zirimo amasaha yikoresha n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’imigenzo ya kiyislamu. Ibi byerekana intambwe yatewe mu gusobanukirwa uburyo ibintu bishobora gukora igihe kirekire nta muntu urimo kubikoresha.
Mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’inganda mu kinyejana cya 18, ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mashini ryateye imbere mu buryo bwagutse kandi bwihuse. Abahanga nka Jacques de Vaucanson bakoze ibikoresho byikoresha byashoboraga gukora ibikorwa nk'iby’abantu, birimo gutanga umuziki no gukora imirimo yoroheje mu ruganda.
Nyamara, amarobo nk’uko tuyazi uyu munsi yatangiye kwigaragaza neza mu Kinyejana cya 20, ubwo George Devol yakoze icyitwa “Unimate " mu mwaka wa 1954. Iyo robo yabaye iya mbere yakoreshejwe mu nganda, ikaba yarashyizwe mu ruganda rwa General Motors mu mwaka w' 1961, aho yakoreshwaga mu guteranya ibice by’imodoka mu buryo bwikora kandi bwihuse.
Muri iki gihe, amarobo amaze kuba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuzima bwa buri munsi mu bihugu byateye imbere. Cyane cyane akoreshwa mu nganda mu gukora no guteranya ibicuruzwa, mu buvuzi akoreshwa mu kubaga no gutanga imiti mu buryo bunoze kandi bwizewe, ndetse no mu bice by’ubwirinzi akoreshwa mu gutabara mu gihe cy’ibiza,mu bihe by’ibyorezo no gucunga umutekano.
Amarobo yifashishwa no mu burezi, aho afasha mu kwigisha amasomo ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ndetse akanakoreshwa mu bice bitandukanye by’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi bw’ikirere no mu bindi bice.
Ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI) ryahaye amarobo ubushobozi buhambaye bwo kumenya ibidukikije, gufata imyanzuro, ndetse no kwinjira mu itumanaho n’abantu.
Hari amarobo ashobora gusuzuma ibibazo mu buryo bwihuse, kuganira n’abantu mu buryo bujyanye n’ibikenewe, ndetse no gukora imirimo yo mu rugo cyangwa mu miryango mu buryo bworoshye. Iterambere ry'amarobo rikomeje kurenga ibyo abenshi batatekerezaga, aho hateganijwe ko azakoreshwa mu bikorwa bikomeye birimo kubaka ku kwezi cyangwa ku mubumbe wa Mars, gutanga ubutabazi mu gihe cy’ibiza no kongera umusaruro mu buhinzi no mu bucuruzi.
Amateka yerekana uko abantu bagenda bagira ubushake bwo guhanga udushya, kurushaho koroshya ubuzima bwa buri munsi no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye bahura na byo.
Iyi Robo yitwa Sophia iherutse mu Rwanda
Ibi byose bituma amarobo aba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuzima bw’ikiremwamuntu muri iki gihe ndetse no mu bihe bizaza. Iterambere ryayo riranatanga icyizere cy’ahazaza h’ikoranabuhanga rirushaho kuba ryiza kandi rifitiye akamaro sosiyete muri rusange nk'uko tubikesha amashakiro arimo Discover Magazine.
Umwanditsi: Rwema Jules Roger