Nyamara, ubuvuzi n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'inzego mpuzamahanga zirimo Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) n'Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) bugaragaza ko ibyo atari byo.
HIV ntabwo ihitamo umuntu bitewe n'igitsina cyangwa uwo bakundana, ahubwo yandura bitewe n'uburyo abantu bahuye n’amatembabuzi yo mu mubiri ashobora kuba arimo virusi, nk'amaraso, amasohoro, amazi yo mu gitsina cyangwa ayo mu kibuno.
Ku bagabo baryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina, HIV ishobora gukwirakwizwa mu gihe umwe ayanduye undi akaba atarayandura.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina inyuze mu kibuno (anal sex) ari imwe mu nzira zishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza HIV kuko uruhu rwo mu kibuno rworoshye kandi rushobora kugira udusebe duto tudashobora kubonwa n'amaso, bigatuma virusi yinjira mu mubiri byoroshye.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umuntu ukorerwa imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kibuno aba afite ibyago byinshi kurusha uyikorera mu kanwa, nubwo na we ashobora kwandura. Ibi ntibivuze ko umuntu wese ukora ubu buryo bw'imibonano ahita yandura, ahubwo biterwa n'uko umwe yaba afite HIV, atari ku miti iyigabanya, kandi hakaba hatakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwirinda.
Ku rundi ruhande, abantu benshi bibaza niba abagore baryamana bahuje ibitsina na bo bashobora kwanduzanya HIV. Igisubizo ni yego, ariko ibyago byo kwanduzanya ni bike cyane ugereranyije n'ibigaragara ku bagabo bakora imibonano inyuze mu kibuno.
Abahanga bavuga ko HIV ishobora kwandura hagati y'abagore baryamana, iyo amazi yo mu gitsina cyangwa amaraso, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imihango, ahuye n'udusebe cyangwa n'uduce two ku mubiri twinjiramo virusi.
Nanone, gukoresha ibikoresho n’ibikinisho bimwe bifasha mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (sex toys) bidasukuwe neza bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwanduzanya.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, inzego z'ubuzima zigaragaza ko hari ibyago bike byo kwanduzanya HIV hagati y'abagore baryamana bahuje ibitsina. Impamvu ni uko uburyo bw'imibonano yabo butuma ibyago byo guhura n'amazi ashobora gutwara virusi aba ari make kurusha mu bundi buryo bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi inzobere zishimangira ni uko HIV itanduzwa n'uko umuntu ari umutinganyi, ahubwo iterwa n'imyitwarire ishobora gutuma virusi ikwirakwira iva ku muntu uyifite ijya ku wundi.
Ni yo mpamvu umuntu uwo ari we wese ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ashobora kugira ibyago byo kwandura iyo adafashe ingamba zo kwirinda.
Muri iki gihe kandi, hari intambwe ikomeye yagezweho mu kurwanya HIV. Umuntu ufite HIV ufata neza imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi (ARVs) kugeza virusi igeze ku rwego rutagaragara mu maraso (Undetectable Viral Load), ntaba akiyanduza uwo bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Iri hame rizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable), bivuze ko virusi itagaragara iba itandura. Hari kandi umuti witwa PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) ufatwa n'umuntu utarandura HIV ariko ushobora kuba ari mu byago byo kuyandura. Iyo ufashwe neza nk'uko abaganga babigennye, ugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura HIV.
Abaganga kandi bagira inama abantu bose bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, harimo n'abayikorana n’abo bahuje ibitsina, kwipimisha HIV n'izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina buri gihe, gukoresha agakingirizo neza kandi buri gihe bibaye ngombwa, kwirinda gusangiza ibikoresho byifashishwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bitasukuwe neza, no kugana kwa muganga igihe cyose hari impungenge z'uko umuntu yaba yarahuye n'ibyago byo kwandura.
Abashakashatsi n'inzobere mu buzima bishimangira ko HIV ishobora kwandura hagati y'abantu baryamana bahuje ibitsina, haba ku bagabo cyangwa ku bagore, nubwo urwego rw'ibyago rutandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bw'imibonano. Ikirinda umuntu si igitsina cye cyangwa uwo bakundana, ahubwo ni amakuru yizewe, kwirinda no gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gukumira ubwandu.