Abari mu butumwa bwa ‘Artemiss II’ ku kwezi bagiye guhabwa umudari w’ikirenga wa Amerika

Abo ni Cmdr. Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch na Jeremy Hansen, bakoze urugendo rw’iminsi 10 rubajyanye hafi y’ukwezi, bakagaruka ku Isi neza nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku mateka mashya mu bijyanye n’ingendo zo mu isanzure.

Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku isanzure, NASA, cyatangaje ko aba bagenzi bazahabwa “Congressional Space Medal of Honor”, umudari w’icyubahiro ukomeye uhabwa abagenzi bo mu isanzure bagize uruhare rudasanzwe mu mateka y’ubushakashatsi bw’ikirere.

Umuhango wo kubaha uyu mudari uteganyijwe ku wa 28 Kanama 2026, ukabera ku kigo cya NASA cya Johnson Space Center, i Houston muri Leta ya Texas.

Nubwo izina ry’uyu mudari rishobora gutuma umuntu atekereza ko utangwa ku bweme bw’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika gusa, abawuhabwa batoranywa na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nyuma y’uko basabwe n’ubuyobozi bwa NASA.

Kuri iyi nshuro, Perezida Donald Trump ni we wemeje ko Wiseman, Glover, Koch na Hansen bahabwa uyu mudari, nyuma y’uko Umuyobozi wa NASA, Jared Isaacman, abashyiriyeho icyifuzo.

NASA ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu 30 gusa ari bo bamaze guhabwa Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

Muri bo harimo amazina akomeye nka Neil Armstrong, umuntu wa mbere wageze ku kwezi akahakandagiza ikirenge, ndetse na John Glenn, wabaye Umunyamerika wa mbere wazengurutse Isi mu isanzure.

Hari kandi abagenzi bo mu isanzure bahawe uyu mudari nyuma yo kubura ubuzima mu mpanuka zikomeye zabaye mu mateka y’ingendo zo mu isanzure, zirimo iya Apollo 1, Challenger na Columbia.

Ibi bituma umudari aba bagenzi bane bagiye guhabwa uba ufite uburemere budasanzwe, kuko utajya uhabwa buri muntu wese wakoze urugendo mu isanzure, ahubwo uhabwa abakoze ibikorwa bifatwa nk’ibidasanzwe mu mateka y’ubushakashatsi bw’ikirere.

Artemis II yanditse amateka mashya

Urugendo rwa Artemis II rwatangiye ku wa 1 Mata 2026, rumara iminsi 10.

Wiseman, wari uyoboye ubutumwa, yari kumwe na Victor Glover wari umupilote, Christina Koch wari ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutumwa ndetse na Jeremy Hansen, Umunya-Canada wari uhagarariye igihugu cye muri uru rugendo.

Intego y’ingenzi y’urugendo ntabwo yari iyo kugwa ku kwezi, ahubwo yari iyo kugenda hafi yako, kuyizenguruka no gusuzuma uburyo icyogajuru n’ibikoresho bitandukanye byakora mu rugendo rurerure rwo mu isanzure.

Ariko uru rugendo rwarenze kure kuba ikigeragezo gisanzwe.

Aba bagenzi bane bageze ku ntera ya kilometero 406,771 uvuye ku Isi, ahantu hagera kure kurusha ahandi hantu abantu bari barigeze kugera mu rugendo rwo mu isanzure. Ni intera ingana na miles 252,756.

Muri ubwo buryo, Artemis II yaciye ku mateka yari yarasizwe n’urugendo rwa Apollo 13 rwo mu 1970, aho abagenzi bari bageze ku ntera ya kilometero hafi 400,171 uvuye ku Isi.

Ibi bivuze ko aba bagenzi bane ubu ari bo bantu bageze kure cyane y’Isi kurusha abandi bantu bose mu mateka.

Muri aba bane, Jeremy Hansen afite umwihariko udasanzwe.

Uyu Munya-Canada yabaye umuntu wa mbere utari Umunyamerika wageze mu rugendo rw’abantu berekeza ku kwezi.

Nubwo Artemis II itari igamije ko abagenzi bagwa ku kwezi, kuba Hansen yaragize uruhare muri uru rugendo byatumye Kanada yinjira mu mateka y’ingenzi y’ubushakashatsi bw’ikirere.

Ku ruhande rwa Amerika, uru rugendo na rwo rufatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye mu mugambi mugari wa Artemis ugamije kongera kohereza abantu ku kwezi, mbere yo kwagura ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi bikagera no kuri Mars.

Ni ukuvuga ko aba bagenzi bane atari bo gusa bakoze urugendo rw’amateka, ahubwo banagize uruhare mu kubaka icyiciro gishya cy’ingendo z’abantu mu isanzure.

Nyuma yo kurangiza urugendo no kugaruka ku Isi, Reid Wiseman yavuze ko ubuzima bw’umuntu uri mu isanzure bugira uko butandukanye n’uko umuntu abutekereza ari ku Isi.

Artemis II yari imwe mu ntambwe z’ingenzi muri gahunda ya Amerika yo kongera kugarura abantu hafi y’ukwezi no gutegura ingendo ndende zishobora kuzagera kuri Mars.

Bitandukanye na Artemis II, gahunda zikurikira ziteganyijwe kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kongera kohereza abantu ku kwezi, aho intego ari ugukoresha ukwezi nk’ahantu h’ingenzi ho gukorera ubushakashatsi no gutegurira ingendo ndende kurushaho.

Ibi bituma urugendo rwa Wiseman, Glover, Koch na Hansen rufatwa nk’igice cy’ingenzi mu mateka mashya y’ubushakashatsi bw’ikirere.

Umudari uje nyuma y’amezi ane bahuye na Trump

Umuhango wo guha aba bagenzi bane uyu mudari uje nyuma y’amezi ane Perezida Donald Trump abakiriye muri White House.

Muri uwo muhango, Trump yashimiye aba bagenzi kubera ibyo bagezeho, ndetse anagaragaza ko na we yumva yari kuba ashoboye gukora uru rugendo.

Ubu, nyuma y’amezi make gusa Artemis II irangiye, aba bagenzi bagiye kongera guhurira hamwe, ariko noneho atari mu cyogajuru cyangwa hafi y’ukwezi, ahubwo mu muhango wo guhabwa umwe mu midari ikomeye cyane mu mateka y’ingendo z’Abanyamerika mu isanzure.

Abandi bahawe uyu mudari barimo abagenzi baguye mu mpanuka ya Apollo 1, ndetse n’abaguye mu mpanuka z’ibyogajuru bya Challenger na Columbia.

Mbere y’aba bagenzi ba Artemis II, Douglas Hurley na Robert Behnken ni bo bari baheruka gutoranywa.

Hurley na Behnken mu 2020 babaye abagenzi ba mbere bageze mu isanzure bakoresheje icyogajuru cy’ubucuruzi, mu rugendo rwafunguye urundi rugendo mu bufatanye hagati ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibigo by’abikorera mu bijyanye n’ingendo zo mu isanzure.

Baherewe uyu mudari mu 2023, ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Joe Biden.

Kuba Wiseman, Glover, Koch na Hansen bagiye kwinjira muri uru rutonde nyuma y’urugendo rwa Artemis II, byerekana uburemere bw’amateka banditse.

Aba bagenzi bane ntibagarukiye gusa ku kuba baragiye hafi y’ukwezi. Baciye ku ntera abantu bari baragezeho mu myaka irenga 50 ishize, bashyiraho amateka mashya y’uko umuntu ashobora kugera kure mu isanzure, kandi bagira uruhare mu rugendo rushobora kuzageza abantu ku kwezi na Mars mu myaka iri imbere.

Abari mu butumwa bwa 'Artemis II' bashobora kuzibukwa atari nk’urugendo rw’iminsi 10 gusa, ahubwo nk’intambwe yafashije abantu kongera gutekereza ku mbibi z’aho bashobora kugera mu isanzure