Hari benshi muri bo babigezeho mu myaka myinshi ishize, ndetse bamwe babikoze mbere y’uko isi itangira kuvuga cyane ku bijyanye n’uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore.
Nubwo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka ya Afurika, inkuru zabo akenshi ntizigaragara mu bitabo by’amateka, mu biganiro bya rubanda cyangwa mu itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga nk'uko bitangazwa na Business Insider.
Gusubiza mu murongo inkuru zabo si uguhagarara gusa ku kubibuka mu kwezi kwahariwe amateka y’abagore, ahubwo ni no gusobanukirwa neza uko sosiyete za Afurika zagiye zitera imbere, ndetse no kugaragaza uruhare runini abagore bagize mu mpinduka zabaye kuri uyu mugabane.
Mu mateka ya Afurika harimo abagore benshi bagize uruhare mu miyoborere, mu burezi, mu kurwanya akarengane no mu kubaka ubuzima bw’imiryango. Aba bagore ntibari abarebera amateka ari kure; ahubwo ni bo bayagize uruhare mu kuyahindura.
Urugero rugaragara ni urwa Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti wo muri Nigeria. Mu myaka ya 1940, uyu mugore yakusanyije ibihumbi by’abagore bacuruzaga ku masoko kugira ngo bigaragambye ku misoro y’akarengane yashyirwagaho n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni, cyane cyane ku bagore bacuruzi.
Iyi myigaragambyo yaje kuvamo imyivumbagatanyo izwi nka Abeokuta Women's Revolt, byaje guhatira ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni koroshya politiki z’imisoro no kwemera imbaraga z’abaturage bishyize hamwe.
Mu gihugu cy’ubu cyitwa Benin, mu kinyejana cya 17 habayeho umutwe w’ingabo w’abagore gusa wari uzwi cyane ku izina rya Dahomey warriors.
Aba bagore b’ingabo batangaje cyane abashakashatsi n’abanyaburayi bajyaga basura ako karere icyo gihe. Bavugwaga nk’abarwanyi b’intwari, bafite ubuhanga mu mirwano y’amaboko ndetse bakoresha intwaro zisa n’imihoro mu rugamba.
Mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika na ho hagaragaye undi mugore wabaye ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni: Yaa Asantewaa wo muri Ghana. Mu mwaka wa 1900, ubutegetsi bw’Abongereza bwasabye ko bahabwa intebe y’ubwami yitwa Golden Stool, ikimenyetso cy’ubusugire bw’ubwami bwa Ashanti.
Igihe bamwe mu bayobozi batinyaga kurwana n’Abongereza, Yaa Asantewaa yarahagurutse ayobora urugamba rwo kubarwanya. Ubuyobozi bwe bwabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko Abanyafurika barwanyije ubukoloni.
Mu karere k’ubu kitwa Angola, hari undi mugore w’icyamamare witwaga Nzinga Mbande wabaye umwamikazi w’ubwami bwa Ndongo na Matamba mu kinyejana cya 17.
Azwi cyane kubera ubuhanga bwe mu miyoborere no mu bya gisirikare, ndetse n’uko yarwanyije Abaporutugali bashakaga kwagura ubukoloni bwabo no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’abacakara. Nzinga Mbande yamaze imyaka myinshi ayoboye ingabo, ashyiraho ubufatanye n’abandi bayobozi ndetse arinda ubwami bwe.
Ku mugabane wa Afurika, abagore ntibagize uruhare gusa mu ntambara no mu miyoborere, ahubwo banagize uruhare rukomeye mu burezi no mu kubaka inzego z’imibereho myiza. Umwe mu bagore babaye intangarugero mu guteza imbere uburezi ni Charlotte Maxeke wo muri South Africa.
Yavutse mu 1871, akaba ari we mugore wa mbere w’umwirabura wo muri Afurika y’Epfo wabonye impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza yize mu mahanga. Nyuma yo kwiga muri United States, yagarutse mu gihugu cye akora ibikorwa byo guteza imbere uburezi, imibereho myiza n’iterambere ry’imiryango.
Mu majyepfo ya Afurika na ho havuyemo undi mugore wagize uruhare rukomeye mu kuvugurura uburezi: Gaositwe Chiepe wo muri Botswana. Yavutse mu 1922 mu gihe igihugu cyari kikiri mu bukoloni. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wo muri Botswana wize amashuri makuru ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Nyuma yaje kuba Minisitiri w’Uburezi ndetse anaba Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, aba umugore wa mbere winjiye muri guverinoma ya Botswana. Ubuyobozi bwe bwagize uruhare mu kubaka gahunda y’uburezi y’igihugu nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge.
Iyo urebye izi nkuru zose hamwe, bigaragaza ko abagore bo muri Afurika bagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurwanya akarengane, mu kuvugurura sosiyete, mu miyoborere ndetse no mu buzima bw’ubwenge n’ubumenyi.
Ntibari abarebera amateka gusa; ahubwo ni bo bayoboye imyigaragambyo, bashinze amashuri, bayobora inzego za leta ndetse bagatanga icyerekezo ku bihugu byabo.
Izi nkuru zitanga n’amasomo ku Afurika y’uyu munsi. Zitwibutsa ko ubuyobozi n’uruhare mu buzima rusange byahoze biva mu bice byinshi bya sosiyete. Kuva ku myigaragambyo yayobowe na Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti kugeza ku rugamba rwayobowe na Yaa Asantewaa, abagore bagize uruhare mu mpinduka z’ingenzi ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ikindi zigaragaza ni akamaro k’uburezi. Abagore nka Charlotte Maxeke na Gaositwe Chiepe ntibagarukiye ku gutsinda ku giti cyabo, ahubwo bafunguye inzira ku bandi bagore n’urubyiruko ruzabakomokaho.
Ikibazo gikomeye uyu munsi ni uko benshi muri aba bagore batibukwa uko bikwiye. Mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, amasomo y’amateka aracyibanda cyane ku bayobozi b’abakoloni kurusha abagore b’Abanyafurika babarwanyije.
Inzibutso n’ingoro z’amateka na zo akenshi ntizigaragaza neza uruhare rw’abagore keretse babaye ibyamamare ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Gukosora ibi bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho n’abarimu, abashakashatsi, abanyamateka n’itangazamakuru. K
winjiza izi nkuru mu masomo, mu bushakashatsi no mu nkuru zitangazwa mu itangazamakuru byafasha Abanyafurika gusobanukirwa neza amateka yabo.
Amateka ya Afurika yubatswe n’abamikazi bayoboye urugamba rwo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’akarengane, abarimu bashinze amashuri, abadipolomate bubatse ibihugu bishya n’abantu batanze icyerekezo cy’ubwigenge.
Nubwo amazina yabo adahora agaragara cyane mu bitabo by’amateka cyangwa mu makuru mpuzamahanga, uruhare rwabo rukomeje kugaragara mu mizi yubakiyeho sosiyete z’Afurika z’uyu munsi.
Kubibuka muri uku kwezi kwahariwe amateka y’abagore si ukwibuka amateka gusa; ni no kwibutsa isi ko ubuyobozi n’impinduka bishobora guturuka ahantu hatandukanye, kandi ko imbaraga n’ubutwari bw’aba bagore bikomeje gutera imbaraga Afurika mu kubaka ejo hazaza he.
Bamwe mu bagore b’Abanyafurika bagize uruhare mu guhindura amateka y'umugabane wa Africa