Kigali

Menya byinshi ku bubi bw’Itabi, uko warireka burundu n'ibihugu 5 bya mbere ku Isi bifite abantu benshi barinywa

Yanditswe na: Editor
Taliki:1/06/2020 1:05
2


Mu bihugu byinshi itabi rifatwa nk’umuco gusa hari abamara kumenya ububi bwaryo bashaka kurireka bikanga. Muri iyi nkuru uramenya uburyo wareka itabi ndetse n’ibihugu bigira abanywi b'itabi benshi ku Isi. Waba uzi ko cyera itabi ryerekanaga ubukure se? Waba uzi ko ryajya rikoreshwa mu mihango y’ubukwe se?.



Kuva mu myaka ya kera itabi ryagiye ryigarurira imico y’ibihugu byinshi kurinywa bigafatwa nk’ikintu kigaragaza ubukure cyangwa se ubusirimu. Nko mu Rwanda rwa kera, mu misango y’ubukwe hari igice kitwaga gutanga itabi ndetse abantu bakuze by'umwihariko b’igitsina gabo abenshi basaga nk'aho bategetswe kunywa itabi n’ubwo nyamara ibi byaterwaga no kubona abababanjirije ari ko nabo babikoraga.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira ubuvuzi hirya no hino bugatera imbere, indwara nshya zikagenda zivuka ni nako ubushakashatsi butandukanye nabwo bwashyizwemo imbaraga ngo harebwe mu by’ukuri niba ibyo twifashisha bya buri munsi nta bijya bitugiraho ingaruka.

Aha niho havuye igitekerezo cyo gukora ubushakashatsi ku itabi ni uko mu 1828 umudage w’umunyabutabire witwaga Karl Ludwing Reinnmann ndetse n’umuganga witwaga Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt baza kugaragaza ko habamo ikinyabutabire cy’uburozi cyamamaye nka NICOTINE kigarurira ubwenge bw’umuntu maze yaba yabuze umwotsi w’itabi ntasinzire. Ibi byatumye itariki ya 31 Gicurasi umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU) uyigira umunsi wo kuzirikana ku bubi bw’itabi. 

                     

Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt wafatanije na Karl Ludwing Reinnmann mu kuvumbura Nicotine yo mu itabi

 Dore zimwe mu ngaruka zikomeye cyane zagaragajwe ko ziterwa na NICOTINE iba mu itabi; 

ü  Kanseri y’ibihaha

ü  Indwara z’umutima akenshi zituruka ku muvuduko w’amaraso

ü  Guhumura nabi mu kanwa

ü  Guhinduka kw’ibara ry’amenyo n’inzara z’intoki cyangwa iz’amano

ü  Kwibagirwa

ü  Guturika kw’imitsi yo mu bwonko(stroke)

N’izindi ndwara nyinshi cyane

Amenyo ahindura ibara kubera kunywa itabi

Dore uburyo bwizewe bwagufasha igihe ushaka kuva ku itabi

Kureka itabi si ikintu cyoroshye ku buryo wagikora mu munsi umwe, ahubwo ni urugendo rubanza gutegurwa haba mu buryo bufatika ndetse no mu buryo bw’ibitekerezo hifashishijwe ubu buryo bukurikira nk’uko abahanga babigaragaza;

1.      Fata icyemezo cyo kureka itabi

Iyi ni yo ntambwe ya mbere aho umuntu aba agomba kwiyemeza ko igihe kigeze akareka kunywa itabi. Aha uba ugomba gutekereza ibintu by'ingenzi itabi riguhombya nko kugaragara nabi mu bandi, ingaruka mbi zaryo nk’indwara zikomeye, ibintu mu by'ukuri bituma cyangwa byaguteye kurinywa nk’inshuti mbi, ndetse n’inyungu ufite mu kurireka aha twavuga nko kuba ikitegererezo ku bana bawe n’ibindi. Ikindi kandi kuri iyi ntambwe ntuba ugomba gucibwa intege n’ikindi gihe kiba cyaratambutse uba waragerageje kurireka ariko bikanga.

2.      Tekereza neza wibaze ibihe n’amasaha ukunda kunyweramo itabi

Aha umuntu aba agomba kwibaza ibibazo bikurikira;

v  Ese nywa itabi kubera kubura umutuzo muri jye?

Nk’uko rero waba utekereza ko itabi ritanga umutuzo, ugomba kumenya ko hari n’ibindi bintu bifite n’ingaruka nziza ku buzima nabyo byatanga umutuzo umuntu akeneye. Aha twavuga nko gukora imyitozo ngorora mubiri, kureba imikino na cinema ndetse no gusoma ibitabo. Ni iby’agaciro rero gutekereza ubundi buryo wahanganamo n’ibibazo uhura nabyo cyangwa se n’umunaniro ukabije uhura nawo nyamara udakoresheje itabi.

 

v  Ese nywa itabi iyo ndi mu kabari?

Hari abantu benshi bakunda kunywa itabi iyo bafite ikinyobwa gisembuye hafi aho. Niba bimeze gutya rero, gerageza uhindure ujye unywa ibinyobwa bidasembuye nibyanga ujye ujya kunywera inzoga ahantu gutumurira itabi babibuza bizagufahsa cyane.

v  Ese nywa itabi kubera inshuti zanjye zirinywa?

Gerageza ugende wubaka ubucuti gahoro gahoro n’abandi bantu batarinywa, mujye musangira, nibinashoboka mumarane igihe kinini bizagenda bikwibagiza tabi.

v  Ese nywa itabi iyo maze kurya?

Kubanywi b’itabi benshi kumara kurya bingana no gukongeza isegereti. Iyo bimeze bitya wa mwanjya wanyweraga mo itabi wusimbuze ikindi kintu nko kurya imbuto, cyangwa se utundi tuntu twagusaba guhekenya umwanya munini.

3.      Hitamo itariki uzahagarikiraho itabi

Itariki yo kuvira ku itabi itoranywa ku bushake kandi ifite akamaro gakomeye kuko itegura umuntu mu mutwe akazagera kuri uwo munsi yihaye yumva ari ibintu bisanzwe. Igisabwa hano ni uguhitamo umunsi usanzwe kandi uwo munsi ukaba utari hafi cyane, ukaba nko mu kwezi gutaha kugirango ubone igihe gihagije cyo kwitegura.

Irinde guhitamo umunsi uzaba uhuze cyane, cyangwa se umunsi uzabaho igikorwa runaka cyakwibutsa itabi. Andika ahantu iyo tariki ujye uyireba ho buri munsi kandi ujyende ugabanya ingano y’itabi wanywaga umunsi ku wundi uko wegera ya tariki.

4.      Menyesha abantu ko ugiye kureka itabi

Menyesha inshuti zawe ndetse n’umuryango ko ugiye kureka itabi kandi ko ukeneye ubufasha bwabo ndetse no kugutera imbaraga ngo uhagarare. Aho bishoboka shakisha imwe mu nshuti zawe yaba nayo ishaka kurireka maze mwisungane muri urwo rugendo.

5.      Itegure mbere ingaruka uzagira zizaterwa no kureka itabi

Abantu benshi bongera gusubira ku itabi mu mezi ari munsi y’atatu bariretse. Ugomba kumenya hakiri kare rero ko iyo uhagaritse itabi wibasirwa n’igisa n’indwara yo kubura uburozi bwa NICOTINE mu mubiri(NICOTINE withdrawal)

·         Ibintu bitera iyi ndwara yo kubura NICOTINE mu mubiri

Kunywa itabi byongera udutsi duto mu mutwe dushinzwe kujyana amakuru ku bwonko tuzwi nka nicotine receptors. Bityo rero niyo wahagaritse kunywa itabi twa dutsi dukomeza gutegereza ya nicotine n’umubiri ugakora umusemburo witwa Dopamine utuma umuntu yizirika ku kintu runaka noneho ibi byombi bigatuma wumva ufite irari ridasanzwe ry’itabi. Mu gihe ibi biri kuba ushobora no kugira ibindi bimenyetso nko;

ü  Kurakazwa n’ubusa

ü  Kumva ufite ubwoba ndetse no kwikanga ubusa

ü  Kubabara umutwe

ü  Kudahama hamwe ukabura umutuzo(difficulty concentration)

ü  Gushaka ibiryo mu buryo budasanzwe

ü  Kwifuza itabi mu buryo budasanzwe

Igihe iyi ndwara yo kubura NICOTINE imara

Ubu burozi bwa nicotine bushobora gushira mu mubiri wawe mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu cyangwa se amasaha 72 uhagaritse kunywa itabi ariko ingaruka zo kubura nicotine mu mubiri zikara ndetse zikazengereza umuntu nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 aho umuntu asa n’urwaye akaremba.

Iyo udacitse intege rero izo ngaruka zose zigenda burundu nko mu gihe cy’amezi atatu aho noneho ubwonko buba bwibagiwe ikinyabutabire cya NICOTINE burundu noneho bugasubira ku mirongo.

Muri rusange iyo umuntu aretse itabi atangira kwiyumva neza nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ariko ingaruka ziterwa no kurireka zo zishira burundu nyuma y’amezi atatu.

6.      Gira ibindi usimbuza itabi mu kanwa 

Kunywa itabi bituma uhora wifuza gushyira ikintu mu kanwa bityo rero igihe wafashe umwanzuro wo kurireka jya ugira ibindi bintu ushyira mu kanwa nko guhekenya imboga mbisi zirimo karoti, guhekenya cyangwa kunyunguta ibintu biryohereye(gums), cyangwa se urebe ibintu unywa ukoresheje umuheha kugirango wumve mu kanwa hahuze.

7.      Kuraho ibintu byose byakwibutsa kunywa itabi

Aha abashakashatsi bavuga ko nk’ibindi bintu bibata ubwonko bw’abantu byose imbarutso yo kunywa itabi ari abantu, ahantu, ndetse n’ibintu. Aha rero umuntu agirwa inama yo kujugunya ibice by’amasegereti byagaragara hafi ye, kwitaza ibibiriti n’ibindi bintu byose umuntu yakwifashisha akongeza ndetse no kujya kure y’udukombe bashyiramo ubuvungukira bw’itabi(ashrays). 

Ikindi nanone ni byiza kumesa imyenda yawe yose waba waranywanye itabi ukoresheje isabune cyangwa se n’ibindi binyabutabire bihumura kugira ngo igihe uyambaye utazajya uryibuka. Igihe kandi ufite ikinyabiziga nacyo wacyogesha kugira ngo utazongera kugera aho uhurira n’umwuka w’itabi ukundi.

Kujya kure y’udukombe bashyiramo ubuvungukira bw’itabi(ashrays)n’amapaki y’itabi ubwayo byagufasha cyane

8.      Egera muganga aguhe ubufasha n’inama ziruse ho  

Nyuma y’ibi byose ushobora no kwegera muganga w’inzobere akaba yakubwira uko wakoresha imwe mu miti abantu bajya bifashisha ngo bareke itabi.

·         Imwe mu miti ijya yifashishwa mu kureka itabi

1.      Bupropion (Zyban)

2.      Varenicline (Chantix, Champix)

Umuti wa Verenicline ufasha mu kureka itabi

Gusa iyi miti yombi ndetse n’ibindi byifashishwa by’umwuka bahumekera mu mazuru biba byiza iyo ari muganga ubikwandikiye akakwerekera uko wabikoresha kuko nabyo biba byifitemo nicotine bikaba rero byakwigarurira bikakubata kurusha itabi igihe ubikoresheje nabi

Ibihungu 5 bya mbere ku Isi bifite abantu benshi banywa itabi.

1. Serbia

2.Bulgaria

3.Ubugiriki

4.Uburusiya

5.Moldova

Source: medicalnews.com & healthline.com & tobaccoatlas.org

Umwanditsi: Soter Dusabimana-InyaRwanda.com

 





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  • GISINGERI Alex5 months ago
    Rwose ndabashimiye, najye itabi ryarambase cyane.narinyoye kuva 1995 kugeza na nubu.ark ngiye gukurikiza iriya mama muduhaye ndebe ko byemera.nibyemera nzababwira rwose Azana Ari agashya!! murakoze
  • erastodufitumucunguzi@gmail.com2 weeks ago
    Thank for your study





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