Mu bihugu byinshi itabi rifatwa nk’umuco gusa hari abamara kumenya ububi bwaryo bashaka kurireka bikanga. Muri iyi nkuru uramenya uburyo wareka itabi ndetse n’ibihugu bigira abanywi b'itabi benshi ku Isi. Waba uzi ko cyera itabi ryerekanaga ubukure se? Waba uzi ko ryajya rikoreshwa mu mihango y’ubukwe se?.
Kuva mu myaka ya kera itabi ryagiye
ryigarurira imico y’ibihugu byinshi kurinywa bigafatwa nk’ikintu kigaragaza
ubukure cyangwa se ubusirimu. Nko mu Rwanda rwa kera, mu misango y’ubukwe hari
igice kitwaga gutanga itabi ndetse abantu bakuze by'umwihariko b’igitsina gabo
abenshi basaga nk'aho bategetswe kunywa itabi n’ubwo nyamara ibi byaterwaga no
kubona abababanjirije ari ko nabo babikoraga.
Uko imyaka yagiye ishira ubuvuzi hirya
no hino bugatera imbere, indwara nshya zikagenda zivuka ni nako ubushakashatsi
butandukanye nabwo bwashyizwemo imbaraga ngo harebwe mu by’ukuri niba ibyo
twifashisha bya buri munsi nta bijya bitugiraho ingaruka.
Aha niho havuye igitekerezo cyo gukora ubushakashatsi ku itabi ni uko mu 1828 umudage w’umunyabutabire witwaga Karl Ludwing Reinnmann ndetse n’umuganga witwaga Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt baza kugaragaza ko habamo ikinyabutabire cy’uburozi cyamamaye nka NICOTINE kigarurira ubwenge bw’umuntu maze yaba yabuze umwotsi w’itabi ntasinzire. Ibi byatumye itariki ya 31 Gicurasi umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU) uyigira umunsi wo kuzirikana ku bubi bw’itabi.
Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt wafatanije na Karl Ludwing Reinnmann mu kuvumbura Nicotine yo mu itabi
ü Kanseri
y’ibihaha
ü Indwara
z’umutima akenshi zituruka ku muvuduko w’amaraso
ü Guhumura
nabi mu kanwa
ü Guhinduka
kw’ibara ry’amenyo n’inzara z’intoki cyangwa iz’amano
ü Kwibagirwa
ü Guturika
kw’imitsi yo mu bwonko(stroke)
N’izindi ndwara
nyinshi cyane
Amenyo
ahindura ibara kubera kunywa itabi
Dore uburyo bwizewe bwagufasha igihe ushaka kuva ku itabi
Kureka itabi si ikintu cyoroshye ku buryo wagikora mu munsi umwe, ahubwo ni urugendo rubanza gutegurwa haba mu buryo bufatika ndetse no mu buryo bw’ibitekerezo hifashishijwe ubu buryo bukurikira nk’uko abahanga babigaragaza;
1.
Fata
icyemezo cyo kureka itabi
Iyi ni yo ntambwe
ya mbere aho umuntu aba agomba kwiyemeza ko igihe kigeze akareka kunywa itabi.
Aha uba ugomba gutekereza ibintu by'ingenzi itabi riguhombya nko kugaragara nabi
mu bandi, ingaruka mbi zaryo nk’indwara zikomeye, ibintu mu by'ukuri bituma
cyangwa byaguteye kurinywa nk’inshuti mbi, ndetse n’inyungu ufite mu kurireka
aha twavuga nko kuba ikitegererezo ku bana bawe n’ibindi. Ikindi kandi kuri iyi
ntambwe ntuba ugomba gucibwa intege n’ikindi gihe kiba cyaratambutse uba
waragerageje kurireka ariko bikanga.
2.
Tekereza
neza wibaze ibihe n’amasaha ukunda kunyweramo itabi
Aha umuntu aba
agomba kwibaza ibibazo bikurikira;
v Ese
nywa itabi kubera kubura umutuzo muri jye?
Nk’uko rero waba utekereza ko itabi
ritanga umutuzo, ugomba kumenya ko hari n’ibindi bintu bifite n’ingaruka nziza
ku buzima nabyo byatanga umutuzo umuntu akeneye. Aha twavuga nko gukora
imyitozo ngorora mubiri, kureba imikino na cinema ndetse no gusoma ibitabo. Ni
iby’agaciro rero gutekereza ubundi buryo wahanganamo n’ibibazo uhura nabyo
cyangwa se n’umunaniro ukabije uhura nawo nyamara udakoresheje itabi.
v Ese
nywa itabi iyo ndi mu kabari?
Hari abantu benshi bakunda kunywa itabi
iyo bafite ikinyobwa gisembuye hafi aho. Niba bimeze gutya rero, gerageza
uhindure ujye unywa ibinyobwa bidasembuye nibyanga ujye ujya kunywera inzoga
ahantu gutumurira itabi babibuza bizagufahsa cyane.
v Ese
nywa itabi kubera inshuti zanjye zirinywa?
Gerageza ugende wubaka ubucuti gahoro
gahoro n’abandi bantu batarinywa, mujye musangira, nibinashoboka mumarane igihe
kinini bizagenda bikwibagiza tabi.
v Ese
nywa itabi iyo maze kurya?
Kubanywi b’itabi benshi kumara kurya
bingana no gukongeza isegereti. Iyo bimeze bitya wa mwanjya wanyweraga mo itabi
wusimbuze ikindi kintu nko kurya imbuto, cyangwa se utundi tuntu twagusaba
guhekenya umwanya munini.
3.
Hitamo
itariki uzahagarikiraho itabi
Itariki yo kuvira ku itabi itoranywa ku
bushake kandi ifite akamaro gakomeye kuko itegura umuntu mu mutwe akazagera
kuri uwo munsi yihaye yumva ari ibintu bisanzwe. Igisabwa hano ni uguhitamo
umunsi usanzwe kandi uwo munsi ukaba utari hafi cyane, ukaba nko mu kwezi
gutaha kugirango ubone igihe gihagije cyo kwitegura.
Irinde guhitamo umunsi uzaba uhuze
cyane, cyangwa se umunsi uzabaho igikorwa runaka cyakwibutsa itabi. Andika
ahantu iyo tariki ujye uyireba ho buri munsi kandi ujyende ugabanya ingano
y’itabi wanywaga umunsi ku wundi uko wegera ya tariki.
4.
Menyesha
abantu ko ugiye kureka itabi
Menyesha inshuti zawe ndetse n’umuryango
ko ugiye kureka itabi kandi ko ukeneye ubufasha bwabo ndetse no kugutera
imbaraga ngo uhagarare. Aho bishoboka shakisha imwe mu nshuti zawe yaba nayo ishaka
kurireka maze mwisungane muri urwo rugendo.
5.
Itegure
mbere ingaruka uzagira zizaterwa no kureka itabi
Abantu benshi bongera gusubira ku itabi
mu mezi ari munsi y’atatu bariretse. Ugomba kumenya hakiri kare rero ko iyo
uhagaritse itabi wibasirwa n’igisa n’indwara yo kubura uburozi bwa NICOTINE mu
mubiri(NICOTINE withdrawal)
·
Ibintu bitera iyi
ndwara yo kubura NICOTINE mu mubiri
Kunywa itabi byongera udutsi duto mu
mutwe dushinzwe kujyana amakuru ku bwonko tuzwi nka nicotine receptors. Bityo
rero niyo wahagaritse kunywa itabi twa dutsi dukomeza gutegereza ya nicotine
n’umubiri ugakora umusemburo witwa Dopamine utuma umuntu yizirika ku kintu
runaka noneho ibi byombi bigatuma wumva ufite irari ridasanzwe ry’itabi. Mu
gihe ibi biri kuba ushobora no kugira ibindi bimenyetso nko;
ü Kurakazwa
n’ubusa
ü Kumva
ufite ubwoba ndetse no kwikanga ubusa
ü Kubabara
umutwe
ü Kudahama
hamwe ukabura umutuzo(difficulty concentration)
ü Gushaka
ibiryo mu buryo budasanzwe
ü Kwifuza
itabi mu buryo budasanzwe
Igihe
iyi ndwara yo kubura NICOTINE imara
Ubu burozi bwa nicotine bushobora
gushira mu mubiri wawe mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu cyangwa se amasaha 72 uhagaritse
kunywa itabi ariko ingaruka zo kubura nicotine mu mubiri zikara ndetse
zikazengereza umuntu nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 aho umuntu asa n’urwaye
akaremba.
Iyo udacitse intege rero izo ngaruka zose
zigenda burundu nko mu gihe cy’amezi atatu aho noneho ubwonko buba bwibagiwe
ikinyabutabire cya NICOTINE burundu noneho bugasubira ku mirongo.
Muri rusange iyo umuntu aretse itabi
atangira kwiyumva neza nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ariko ingaruka ziterwa no
kurireka zo zishira burundu nyuma y’amezi atatu.
6.
Gira
ibindi usimbuza itabi mu kanwa
Kunywa itabi bituma uhora wifuza
gushyira ikintu mu kanwa bityo rero igihe wafashe umwanzuro wo kurireka jya
ugira ibindi bintu ushyira mu kanwa nko guhekenya imboga mbisi zirimo karoti,
guhekenya cyangwa kunyunguta ibintu biryohereye(gums), cyangwa se urebe ibintu unywa
ukoresheje umuheha kugirango wumve mu kanwa hahuze.
7.
Kuraho
ibintu byose byakwibutsa kunywa itabi
Aha abashakashatsi bavuga ko nk’ibindi bintu bibata ubwonko bw’abantu byose imbarutso yo kunywa itabi ari abantu, ahantu, ndetse n’ibintu. Aha rero umuntu agirwa inama yo kujugunya ibice by’amasegereti byagaragara hafi ye, kwitaza ibibiriti n’ibindi bintu byose umuntu yakwifashisha akongeza ndetse no kujya kure y’udukombe bashyiramo ubuvungukira bw’itabi(ashrays).
Ikindi nanone ni byiza kumesa imyenda yawe yose waba waranywanye itabi ukoresheje isabune cyangwa se n’ibindi binyabutabire bihumura kugira ngo igihe uyambaye utazajya uryibuka. Igihe kandi ufite ikinyabiziga nacyo wacyogesha kugira ngo utazongera kugera aho uhurira n’umwuka w’itabi ukundi.
Kujya kure y’udukombe bashyiramo ubuvungukira bw’itabi(ashrays)n’amapaki y’itabi ubwayo byagufasha cyane
8.
Egera
muganga aguhe ubufasha n’inama ziruse ho
Nyuma y’ibi byose ushobora no kwegera
muganga w’inzobere akaba yakubwira uko wakoresha imwe mu miti abantu bajya
bifashisha ngo bareke itabi.
·
Imwe mu miti ijya
yifashishwa mu kureka itabi
1. Bupropion (Zyban)
2. Varenicline (Chantix, Champix)
Umuti wa Verenicline ufasha mu kureka itabi
Gusa iyi miti yombi ndetse n’ibindi
byifashishwa by’umwuka bahumekera mu mazuru biba byiza iyo ari muganga
ubikwandikiye akakwerekera uko wabikoresha kuko nabyo biba byifitemo nicotine
bikaba rero byakwigarurira bikakubata kurusha itabi igihe ubikoresheje nabi
Ibihungu 5 bya mbere ku Isi bifite
abantu benshi banywa itabi.
1. Serbia
2.Bulgaria
3.Ubugiriki
4.Uburusiya
5.Moldova
Source: medicalnews.com
& healthline.com & tobaccoatlas.org
Umwanditsi: Soter Dusabimana-InyaRwanda.com
TANGA IGITECYEREZO