Ingaruka mbi zitajya zivugwa z’itabi rya Shisha rikomeje kwamamara mu Rwanda

Shisha ni itabi riba rifite impumuro y’imbuto zinyuranye. Urinywa akurura umwuka yifashishije umugozi uba ucometse ku ruhombo riba riturukamo ariko ryabanje kunyura mu mazi. Ibi bikorwa hanifashishijwe  n’ikara ricanwa ku mutwe w’uru ruhombo . Gusa uko rirushaho kwamamara niko hatavugwa ingaruka mbi zaryo ari nazo ahanini turi bugarukeho muri iyi nkuru.

Ibice biba bigize Shisha

Shisha ziba zitandukanye mu moko

Twaganiriye n’umaze imyaka 3 arinywa

Mu gushaka kumenya uko iri tabi rihagaze mu Rwanda twegereye umwe mu basore bamaze imyaka 3 anywa iri tabi atunyuriramo muri make ibyo ariziho nubwo atazi neza igihe nyacyo ryagereye mu Rwanda. Yatubwiye ko Shisha zitandukana gusa ngo we ayikundira impumuro nziza igira. Ati  “Ziratadukana biterwa na produits bashyizemo, igishirira nicyo gitanga impumuro, igira odeur (impumuro)  nziza kabisa ninacyo nyikundira. Igira odeur mbi iyo bavanzemo ibintu bikaze by’ibitabi, hari naho ujya mutaziranye ugasanga bavanzemo nk’ibimogi kugira ngo amafaranga yawe ashiremo vuba.”

Gusa ngo nubwo ayinywa ngo kuri we si itabi nubwo yemera ko ishobora kuba igira ingaruka mbi. Ati  “Nkanjye sinywa itabi, aba ari utuntu tuba tumeze nk’ibikatsi  bya Betterave, yego ifite ka pression runaka ,ariko sindasuzuma  ngo ndebe niba ifite ingaruka mbi ariko byanze bikunze ntakintu kitagira ingaruka.”

Mu tubari two muri Kigali , Shisha iri mubikunzwe cyane

Uyu musore uvuga ko yatangiye kuyinywa muri 2012 yemeza ko nubwo mbere  Shisha itanywebwaga na benshi ariko kugeza ubu imaze kwamamara cyane ndetse ngo n’inzira  bakoresha yo kunywerwamo ibiyobyabwenge. Ati “ Shisha mbere ntiyitabirwaga cyane kuko abantu bayifataga  nk’ikintu cya Class(kiri mu rwego rw’abiyubashye) ariko ubu abantu benshi bamaze kuyitabira. Hari n’umuntu ujya  mu kabari akavamo atanyweye inzoga  ahubwo akaba ariyo atahira gusa.  Ibibi byayo ni uko uko yaba  inzira yo kunyweramo  ibiyobyabwenge,  akenshi urumogi. Hari abo barushyiriramo batabizi uretse ko hari n’ababyisabira ko bakarubashyiriramo bakaba arirwo binywera.”

Yaba uyu musore twasanze ari kunywa iyi shisha muri kamwe mu tubari tw’i Kigali, yaba bagenzi be 3 bayisangiraga twasanze ntanumwe muribo usobanukiwe inkomoko ya Shisha, akamaro kayo cyangwa se ingaruka mbi igira kuwayinyweye.

Yatangiye gukoreshwa kuva mu myaka ya 1500

Narguilé, Nargil, ghelyan , chicha, arguileh (mu cyarabu), houka (rikoreshwa  mu Buhinde), hookah mu Cyongereza  na  chilam yose ni amazina y’utubyiniriro tw’itabi rya Shisha. Inkomoko ya Shisha ntabwo izwi neza ndetse ntivugwaho rumwe. Bamwe bavuga ko yaba yarakomotse muri Turukiya, abandi bakavuga ko ikomoka mu Buhinde nubwo hari abahamya ko ifite inkomoko mu cyahoze ari ubwami bwa Perse (Persian Empire )nkuko ikinyamakuru The Guardian cyabyanditse mu nyandiko cyahaye umutwe ugira uti “Smoking shisha: how bad is it for you?” yo muri Kanama 2011. Ikigo gishinzwe gukingira no kwirinda indwara ‘Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’(CDC)  muri Amerika gitangaza ko Hookah cyangwa se Shisha yatangiye gukoreshwa mu binyejana bishize mu Buhinde ndetse no muri Perse.

Ikinyamakuru cya CNN cyo cyagaragaje igihe nyacyo Shisha yaba yaratangiye gukoreshwa. Mu nyandiko yacyo ‘Nearly 1 in 5 high school seniors have tried hookah’ yo muri Nyakanga 2014. CNN  yatangaje ko Shisha yatangiye gukoreshwa mu bwami bwa Perse kuva mu kinyejana cya 16. CNN ikomeza itangaza ko abanywaga Shisha bo mu myaka ya kera bakoreshaga itabi gusa,  ariko aho hatangiriye kuvangwamo impumuro nziza ngo nibwo urubyiruko rwatangiye kuyitabira cyane nkuko binemezwa na Dr. Vinayak Prasad, umujyanama mukuru mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ku isi.

Abenshi bayinywa batazi niba igira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabo

Urubyiruko mu bihugu binyuranye  nirwo ruri kwitabira cyane kunywa Shisha

Nubwo inkomoko ya Shisha itazwi neza ariko iri kugenda irushaho kwamamara umunsi ku wundi mu bihugu bikomeye nk’Ubufaransa, Amerika, ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, Ubwongereza, Uburusiya …. n’u Rwanda rudasigaye. Inywebwa n’umuntu umwe ariko akenshi ikunda gusangirwa cyane n’abantu 2 cyangwa se barenzeho, gusa  ikigo cya CDC twavuze haruguru kikemeza ko urubyiruko arirwo ruri kwitabira cyane kunywa iri tabi . Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Amerika bwagaragaje ko abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye bari hagati ya 22% kugeza kuri 40% aribo biganje mubanywa Shisha nubwo abayinywa abenshi usanga batazi ibiba biyigize cyangwa ingaruka mbi yaba igira ku mubiri w’umuntu.

Umuntu umara isaha anywa Shisha agereranywa n’uba anyweye amasigara 200

Dr Khalid Anis wo mu Mujyi wa Manchester  mu Bwongereza yatangarije ikinyamakuru The Guardian ko abantu benshi bakeka ko kunywa Shisha nta ngaruka mbi bigira ku buzima bw’uyinywa nyamara ngo zirahari kandi zikomeye. Yagize ati «   Hari ubutamenya  abantu bafite ko Shisha atigari ingaruka mbi nk’iziterwa n’itabi(cigarettes) kuko baba bumva ko riba rifite impumuro nziza kandi ryabanje gucishwa mu mazi. Ariko uburozi buba bugize itabi(carcinogens na  nicotine) ntaho buba bwagiye. Umuntu ukunda kunywa Shisha yakwitegura kugerwaho n’ingaruka nk’iz’umunywi w’itabi nko kugira ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, indwara z’umutima cyangwa kurwara kanseri. »

Yongeyeho ati «  Nkuko bigendekera umunywi w’itabi wese usanzwe, mbona abantu bakunda kunywa Shisha bizababata(addictive) kurugero bazajya baba bumva bayishaka buri munsi. »

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima( World Health Organisation/Organisation mondial de la santé) bwagaragaje ko umuntu ukurura umwuka w’itabi rya Shisha mu gihe kingana n’isaha agereranywa n’uba anyweye amasegereti  (cigarettes) hagati ya 100 na 200 bikaba byaragarutsweho na The Guadian mu nkuru yayo “Smoking shisha: how bad is it for you?”.

Nubwo ubu bushakashats bwa World Health Organisation  bugaragaza ko Shisha ari mbi cyane ku buzima bw’uyinywa, hari abavuga ko harimo gukabya. Muri abo harimo Dr Kamal Chaouachi  inzobere mu bigendanye n’itabi ndetse akaba n’umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Paris IX. Yamaze imyaka 15 ashakashaka ku itabi rya Shisha. Kuri we ngo ntiyemeranya n’abagereranya Shisha n’itabi risanzwe.

Dr Kamal Chaouachi   ashingira ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abashakashatsi bigenga bo muri Royal University yo muri Saudi Arabia. Dr Kamal Chaouachi   avuga ko aba bashakashatsi bagaragaje ko umwotsi wa Shisha uba urimo imiti y’uburozi(chemicals ) mikeya inshuro 30 ugereranyije n’itabi. Ati “ Birababaje kuvuga ko umwotsi wa Shisha uhumanya inshuro 200 kurusha uw’itabi mu gihe imiti y’uburozi 5000 ariyo yasanzwe mu mwotsi w’ itabi risanzwe nyamara inzobere muby’imiti(chemists & pharmacologists) bo muri Saudi Arabia barasanze imiti y’uburozi 142 gusa mu mwotsi wa shisha. Ikindi ikipe y’abaganga yo muri Pakistan yasanze umwotsi wa shisha ufite imbaraga nkeya zo gutera kanseri ugereranyije n’itabi risanzwe.”

Ihuriro rya Shisha na kanseri

Ikigo gishinzwe gukingira no kwirinda indwara ‘Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  mu nyandiko yacyo yitwa ‘Smoking & Tobacco Use ‘ivuga ku itabi arikoikanagaruka  ku itabi rya shisha, bagaragaza ko hari ihuriro ry’umwotsi wa Shisha no kwandura kanseri kumuntu uyinywa.

Amakara yifashishwa mu gutwika itabi rya Shisha aba arimo umwuka wa CO ugira ingaruka ku mihumekere y'umuntu

Muri iyi nyandiko bemeza ko ikara ryifashishwa mu gutwika itabi ryongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zinyuranye kuyinywa kuko riba ririmo carbon monoxide /Monoxyde de Carbone(umwuka ubusanzwe utuma umuntu abura umwuka wo guhumeka:Uyu mwuka niwo utuma umuntu waraye ahantu hari Imbabura yaka apfa), n’ubundi butare butera  kanseri(cancer-causing chemicals). Nubwo umwotsi wa Shisha uba wabanje guca mu mazi ariko ngo uba ukirimo ku rwego rwo hejuru ibishobora gutera kanseri. Itabi rya shisha n’umwotsi waryo riba ririmo ibyakwanduza kanseri y’ibihaha,iy’uruhago, cyangwa kanseri zo mu kanwa(oral cancers ).

Izindi ngaruka mbi shisha igira ku buzima bw’umuntu

Ikigo cya CDC kinemeza ko umwotsi wa Shisha uba urimo ibyanduza indwara z’umutima. Abasangira Shisha ngo bashobora kwanduzanya igihe bayihererekanya. Abana bavutse ku babyeyi banywa Shisha buri munsi, bavukana ibiro bikeya inshuro eshatu n’igice ugereranyije n’ababyarwa n’ababyeyi batayinywa. Ikindi ngo ni uko abana bavutse kuri aba babyeyi bakunda kugira ibibazo by’ubuhumekero. Abanywa Shisha baba bafite ibyago byo kwandura kanseri zinyuranye nk’uko abanywi b’itabi bibagendekera. Muri izo harimo izo twavuzeho haruguru, hiyongereyeho kanseri y’umuhogo, kanseri y’igifu, kudakora neza kw’ibihaha no kugabanuka kw’uburumbuke(fertility ).

Izi nizo ngaruka za Shisha zitajya zikunda kugarukwaho. Ibitekerezo byawe cyangwa inyunganizi turabyakira. Shyira igitekerezo cyawe ahabugenewe.

Ingingo nkizi tuzigarukaho bitewe n’ubusabe bw’abasomyi. Indi ngingo wumva twazagarukaho mu gihe kizaza, wakohereza ubutumwa bwawe kuri email :avichris2810@gmail.com

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