Amateka n’uruhare rw’inkiko gacaca mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize abarenga miliyoni bishwe mu gihe cy’amezi atatu, Igihugu cyari kiremerewe n’inkiko n’imfungwa. Abantu barenga ibihumbi 120 bari bafunzwe bakekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, inkiko zisanzwe ntizari zifite ubushobozi bwo guca izo manza mu gihe gito.

Ku wa 26 Mutarama 2001, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Inkiko Gacaca, hashingiwe ku muco wa kera w’Abanyarwanda wo gukemura amakimbirane biciye mu ruhame, abaturage bose bakabigiramo uruhare. Zatangiye kugeragezwa mu turere duke, zemezwa burundu mu 2002.

Abaturage bahitagamo abantu b’inyangamugayo muri sosiyete hanyuma bagacira imanza ku karubanda nko ku bibuga by’amashuri, ibibuga byo gukiniraho cyangwa ahandi hantu hahuriye abantu benshi hanyuma bagatanga ibitekerezo n’ubuhamya mu bantu benshi.

Nyiramwiza Chantal, warokotse Jenoside i Nyamata, ariko akaba yaritabiriye Gacaca mu murenge wa Gashora yashimye uruhare rwa Gacaca avuga ko “Gacaca ntiyari ubutabera bwo gufunga gusa, yari n’umwanya wo gusubiza ukuri ku murongo.”

Mu myaka icumi zamaze zikora, Gacaca zaciye imanza zigera hafi kuri 2,000,000. Zafashije mu kumenya ukuri ku byabaye, gutanga ubutabera ku barokotse no kurwanya ipfobya n’ihakana bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Abantu basaga 1,958,634 bagiye imbere ya Gacaca nk’abaregwa cyangwa abatanga ubuhamya, hagaragajwe ahari imibiri y’abantu bishwe nuko ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro ndetse inagabanya imfungwa muri gereza ahubwo hashyirwaho imirimo nsimburagifungo (Travaux d'Intérêt Général – TIG).

Inkiko gacaca kandi zagize uruhare rukomeye mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda kuko habayemo gusaba imbabazi ndetse no kubona ko uwakoze icyaha abiryojwe ku karubanda bikaruhura bamwe bari bafite igikomere cyo kubura ababo mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Inkiko Gacaca zasoje ku mugaragaro ku wa 18 Kamena 2012, nyuma y’imyaka icumi zica imanza. Uwo munsi, Perezida Paul Kagame yashimiye uruhare rw’Abanyarwanda bose mu kwiyubakira ubutabera bwabo mu muhango wabereye mu ngoro ishinga amategeko.

Mu ijambo rye, Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame, yashimiye abitabiriye uwo muhango wo gusoza Inkiko Gacaca, yibutsa n’inshingano zashyiriweho arizo: kwihutisha imanza, kurwanya kwihorera, gutanga imbabazi kuri bose, byose binyujijwe mu butabera bwunga ari bwo Inkiko Gacaca.

Icyo gihe Perezida Kagame yavuze ko nubwo zisoje imirimo yazo, hari hakiri ibitarakemuka ariko akizera ko kujya inama no gufatanya nk’uko muri Gacaca byagenze, bizatuma n’ibisigaye bigerwaho.

Icyo gihe yagize ati “N’ubwo Inkiko Gacaca zifunzwe ku mugaragaro, tuzirikana ko zitakemuye ibibazo byose kuko hari ibigitegereje gukemurwa ariko (...) umuco wo kujya inama n’ibisigaye bizakemuka.”

Umukuru w’Igihugu yavuze ko zageze ku byo zari zikwiye kugeraho zifatanije na Leta, n’abaterankunga. Yashimye kandi abantu bose bateye inkunga imikorere ya Gacaca harimo abanyamakuru, imiryango mpuzamahanga ndetse by’umwihariko inyangamugayo ku bw’uruhare n’ubwitange zagize mu gukemura ibibazo by’Abanyarwanda.

Mukantaganzwa Domitille wari umuyobzozi w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca, yavuze ko mu itangira rya Gacaca hari imbogamizi nyinshi zirimo inyangamugayo nazo zagaragaweho kuba zaragize uruhare muri Jenoside, abayobozi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside bavangiraga ukuri kwa Gacaca, kwanga gutanga amakuru ku bushake byabyaye ijambo ’ceceka’, ihohoterwa ry’inyangamugayo, abatangabuhamya ndetse n’abacitse ku icumu, kwiba inyandiko zikubiyemo ubuhamya, ihungabana rikabije, ihunga ry’abatinyaga Gacaca ndetse na ruswa n’ibindi.

Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Karugarama Tharcisse wariho icyo gihe, nawe yishimiye ko u Rwanda rwabashije kunyuza mu butabera amadosiye ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe imiryango mpuzamahanga yavugaga ko nta bushobozi bwo guca imanza izi Nkiko zari zifite.

Nubwo Gacaca zasojwe, ubutumwa bwazo bwarakomeje aribwo gusigasira ukuri, kwigisha amateka nyayo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, no kubaka igihugu gishyize imbere ubwiyunge n’ubumwe.

Ku wa Kane, tariki ya 3 Mata 2025, mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru kigaruka ku myiteguro y’ibihe byo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, yavuze ko inyandiko za Gacaca zamaze gushyirwa mu ikoranabuhanga.

Yagize ati "Tumaze kugera ku gipimo cyiza kuko inyandiko zose, imanza n'amajwi byose byifashishijwe byamaze gushyirwa mu ikoranabuhanga ku buryo nta gishobora kwangirika."

Ubwo yasozaga imirimo y'inkiko Gacaca, Perezida Kagame yashimiye abagize uruhare mu migendekere myiza y'inkiko gacaca

Domithille wari uharariye inkiko gacaca yavuze ko zimwe mu mbogamizi gacaca yahuye nazo harimo kwanga gutanga ubuhamya no kurigitisha dosiye ariko bafatanyije n'abantu bose ubutabera bugerwaho

Minisitiri w'ubutabera Tharcisse Karugarama wariho icyo gihe yashimiye Leta y'u Rwanda yishakiye inzira zo guca imanza mu gihe izindi nkiko mpuzamahanga zo zavugaga ko zitabivamo

Minisitiri Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene aherutse gutangaza ko dosiye z'imanza gacaca zamaze gushyirwa mu ikoranabuhanga zikabikwa