Intambwe yatewe n’inzitizi zikigaragara: Icyerekezo cya Sinema Nyafurika mu mboni z’abayibarizwamo

Kimwe mu byagezweho gikomeye ni uko filime nyafurika zitangiye kubona umwanya mu maserukiramuco akomeye ku isi, nk’irya Cannes Film Festival na Toronto International Film Festival. Urugero ni filime Tsotsi yo muri Afurika y’Epfo, yegukanye igihembo cya Academy Award mu 2006, ndetse na Nairobi Half Life yo muri Kenya yamamaye cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2012.

Ikoranabuhanga n’imbuga zicururizwaho filime byasakaye hirya no hino ku isi nabyo byagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere rya sinema nyafurika. Urugero ni nka serivisi za Netflix zatangiye gutambutsa uruhererekane rwa filime nyafurika, nka Queen Sono yasohotse muri 2020 ikaba ari yo filime ya mbere Nyafurika yatambutse kuri Netflix. Imbuga nkoranyambaga nka YouTube na TikTok nazo zafashije abatunganya filime kwamamaza no kugera ku bafana benshi.

Mu bihe byashize, hagiye hagaragara iterambere ry’abagore mu ruganda rwa sinema, barushaho kugira uruhare rufatika mu kuyobora no gutunganya filime. Urugero ni nka Wanuri Kahiu wo muri Kenya, wakoze filime 'Rafiki' yamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2018. Ibi byafunguye amarembo ku nkuru zinyuranye zirimo ubuzima bw’abagore n’ibibazo bahura na byo, bikomeza gutuma sinema nyafurika igira umwihariko.

Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, abakinnyi ba filime bagaragaza ko iterambere rya sinema ryihuta kubera ikoranabuhanga. Usanase Bahavu Jeannette ni umwe mu babikomojeho, aho yagize ati: “Sinema Nyafurika iratera imbere byihuse kubera ikoranabuhanga. Ubu internet n’ubumenyi bwisumbuye kuri sinema bituma filime zisakara henshi ku isi, bigafasha abakinnyi, abayikora ndetse n’abatunganya amashusho. 

Nubwo bimeze bitya ariko, Bahavu agaragaza ko harikiri imbogamizi mu birebana n'imikoranire mpuzamahanga hagati y’abakora filime mu bihugu binyuranye bya Afurika.

Isimbi Alliance (Alliah Cool) uri mu bafite izina riremereye muri Sinema, avuga ko uru ruganda rugeze ku rwego rwiza, bijyanye n'uko kuri ubu Abanyafurika basigaye bakora filime zibasha guhatana z'iz'abandi banyamahanga.

Ati: "Ndahamya neza ntashidikanya ko bizakomeza kugenda bikagera no mu bindi bihugu byose bya Afurika, na hano mu Rwanda iwacu, ku buryo Afurika muri rusange izagera kure aho n'ibindi bihugu nka Nigeria, South Africa, na Kenya bimaze kugera. Ndabona mu myaka ibiri iri imbere, ibihugu byinshi bizaba bimaze kugera ku rwego rumwe n'ibindi byateye imbere."

Alliah Cool yakomeje agaragaza ko mu nzitizi zugarije uru ruganda harimo ubumenyi bucye n'ubushobozi budahagije bw'amafaranga yo kwifashisha mu gutunganya neza amashusho meza ari ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 

Cobby, umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bamaze kubaka izina rikomeye mu Rwanda, na we yagarutse ku iterambere ry’isoko rya sinema kubera imbuga nka YouTube.

Ati: “Ubu isoko ryaragutse kubera YouTube. Abayikoze neza bigatanga umusaruro, abakinnyi nabo bakabona amafaranga menshi kuko abakora filime biyongereye.” 

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, yavuze ko ubu buryo bushya bwo gutunganya filime hari aho bwishe ireme ryazo, ati: “Kuba filime ziboneka byoroshye kuri YouTube, byatumye hari abazitunganya nabi batitaye ku gihe n’ubuziranenge.”

Mu mboni ze, abona mu myaka nk'itanu iri imbere, abona Sinema Nyarwanda izaba igeze kure kuko Abanyarwanda basigaye bakunda filime z'iwabo, mu gihe ku rwego rwa Afurika abona uruganda rwa Sinema ruzaba rumaze gutera imbere cyane bijyanye na filime zikomeye Abanyafurika basigaye bakora zitambuka kuri Netflix.

Nubwo hari intambwe yatewe, sinema nyafurika iracyahura n’imbogamizi zitandukanye. Iya mbere ni iy’amikoro make, aho abatunganya filime bagorwa no kubona ingengo y’imari ihagije. Ibi bituma benshi bakora filime bakoresha ubushobozi buke, bikagabanya ubuziranenge bwazo. 

Ikindi kibazo kikigaragara ni uburyo filime zikwirakwizwa. Nubwo hari ibyo kwishimira byagezweho, uburyo bwo kugeza filime ku banyafurika ubwabo buracyari imbogamizi. Nka serivisi za Netflix n’izindi zifasha kugera ku isoko mpuzamahanga, ariko ku mugabane wa Afurika haracyari ikibazo cy’imiyoboro mito y’ubucuruzi bwa filime, ibyo usanga bigabanya inyungu ku bayitunganyije. Kuri ibi hiyongeraho ikibazo cy’ubujura bw’ibihangano, aho filime nyinshi zibwa mu buryo budasobanutse zikaboneka ku isoko ritemewe, ibituma abatunganya filime batabona inyungu ihagije ihwanye n'imbaraga baba babishyizemo. 

Ababa muri sinema umunsi ku wundi bavuga ko ubufatanye no gushyiraho amategeko agenga uru ruganda ari ingenzi mu gukemura izi mbogamizi. Mu 2023, mu iserukiramuco rya filime ryabereye i Kigali, umunyakenyakazi Ama K. Abebrese yavuze ko "Gukorana nk’Abanyafurika ni ingenzi mu guhangana n’imbogamizi duhura na zo no guteza imbere sinema yacu." 

Yagaragaje ko ubufatanye buramutse bwiyongereye, hakabaho politiki nziza n’ishoramari rihagije, sinema nyafurika ishobora kuba igihangange ku rwego rw’isi. 

Mu gihe iterambere ririmo kwihuta, haracyari urugendo rurerure kugira ngo sinema nyafurika irusheho kumenyekana no kugira agaciro ku rwego rw’isi. Gushyira imbere ubufatanye, kongera ishoramari no gukemura ibibazo by’ubucuruzi bwa filime ni bimwe mu bisubizo byafasha sinema nyafurika kwigaragaza nk’uruganda rukomeye kandi rwihagazeho nk'uko bigaragazwa n'abarubarizwamo.

Bahavu yagaragaje ko iterambere rya Sinema Nyafurika ryagizwemo uruhare cyane n'ikwirakwira ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga

Alliah Cool agaragaza ko ubumenyi bucye n'ubushobozi budahagije ari zimwe mu nzitizi zikigaragara muri Sinema NyafurikaCobby avuga ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere uruganda rwa Sinema muri Afurika ruzaba rumaze kugera kure hashoboka