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Si mu Bwongereza! Umucyo ku bafite urujijo ku nkomoko y'umupira w'amaguru

Yanditswe na: ISHIMWE Walter
Taliki:1/10/2024 17:36
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Abenshi bahamya ko umupira w'amaguru ukomoka mu Bwongereza, gusa Abagereki nabo bavuga ko ari bo wabuvumbuye, Abayapani bikaba uko n'Abashinwa nabo bikaba uko.



Ntagushidikanya ko umukino w'umupira w'amaguru uri mu mikino ikunzwe kurusha indi ku isi yose na hano mu Rwanda harimo. Ijambo umupira w'amaguru (Football) rikomoka ku magambo abiri y'icyongereza 'Foot' rivuga ikirenge na 'Ball' bivuga umupira.

Bumwe mu buhamya ndetse n'inkuru zitandukanye ziranyuranya bamwe bakavuga ko uyu mukino ushobora kuba ukomoka mu gihugu cy'u Bushinwa, abandi bati 'ni mu Bwongereza', abandi bakawerekeza mu Bugereki, abandi nabo bagahamya ko ukomoka mu Buyapani.

Abavuga ko ukomoka mu Bushinwa bavuga ko wadutse mu myaka isanga 3000 ishize aho wari umukino wa gisirikare bakinaga bifashishije umupira ukozwe mu ruhu rw'inyamaswa ndetse upakiyemo imisatsi cyangwa se amababa, bakaba baragombaga kuwohereza mu izamu hakoreshejwe kuwurasa cyangwa se kuwuteresha intoki.

Iby'uyu mukino wo mu Bushinwa bigaragara mu gitabo kiri kuri Murandasi kitwa The Ball: Discovering the Object of the Game" cyanditswe na John Fox. Byose bisobanuka mu mutwe wa kabiri witwa The ancient Chinese ball game, aha bavuga ko mu kinyejana cya kabiri n'icyaha gatatu mbere y'ivuka rya Yesu/ Yezu, mu Bushinwa habaga umukino witwaga Cuju, nk'uko twabivuze haruguru wakinwaga n'abasirikare bo mu Bushinwa.

Uko uyu mukino wakinwaga abasirikare bawukinaga batsindaga mu tuzamu duto cyane, tugereranyije n'ikipe y'iki gihe ni amazamu ya Demarikaje. Gusa umupira bawukiniraga mu kirere bawutera n'amaguru bagatsinda igitego umupira utarakora hasi. Iyo umupira wagwaga hasi ntabwo igitego cyemerwaga. Iyi niyo mpamvu n'Abashinwa bashimangira ko ari bo bavumbuye umupira w'amaguru.


Abashinwa bavuga ko aribo bavumbuye umupira w'amaguru 

Mu 2006 Umugereki David Goldblatt yanditse igitabo akita The Global Game: A History of Soccer cyagaragazaga ko umupira w'amaguru wavumburiwe mu Bugereki. Muri iki gitabo uko umupira wavumburiwe mu Bugereki bigaragara mu mutwe wa cyenda witwa The Football in Europe n'uwa 17 witwa The Growth of the European Game. 

Ibikubiye mu gitabo cya David Goldblatt na byo iyo ubisomye usanga umupira warakomotse mu Bugereki. Muri iki gitabo, bavuga ko mu kinyejana cya karindwi n'icya munani nyuma y'ivuka rya Yese/Yezu, mu Bugereki hakinwaga Umukino witwaga Episkyros. Ni umukino wari umeze nka Rugby. 

Mu kinyejana cya Munani, abakinaga Episkyros baje gucikamo ibice nuko bamwe bahimba undi mukino. Umukino mushya wahimbwe bakinaga umupira wa Episkyros umeze nka Rugby nuko bakawukinisha amaguru, gusa gutsinda igitego bagashota igiti cy'izamu. 

Ni umukino abawukinaga batanguranwaga gutsinda ku giti cy'izamu inshuro eshatu, ubwo ikipe ibigezeho ikaba itsinze umukino. Ubwo umukino warakinwaga mpaka ikipe imwe ishose izamu inshuro eshatu. Uko niko Abagereki banzura ko ari bo bavumbuye umupira w'amaguru.


Abagereki nibo bahamya ko bavumbuye umupira w'amaguru 

Muri 2001 Allen Guttmann na Lee Thompson banditse igitabo bakita "Japanese Sports and History" kivuga ko mu mwaka wa 794 mu Buyapani hakinwaga umukino witwaga  Kemari. 

Uyu mukino wa Kemari abawukinaga bakinaga umupira usanzwe ariko utarimo umwuka.
Uyu mukino uko wakinwaga Umukinnyi watsindaga igitego yakoreshaga akaguru kabusanye nuko akoresha. Ibi kugira ngo byumvikane ndakoresha urugero. 

Niba Cristiano Ronaldo akinisha indyo mu kibuga, kugira ngo igitego cye cyemerwe mu mukino wa Kemari ni uko yagombaga kugitsindisha imoso. Ubwo niba Messi akinisha imoso, kugira ngo igitego cye cyemerwe mu mukino wa Kemari ni uko yagombaga kugitsindisha indyo. Uko niko abayapani bavuga ko aribo shingiro ry'umupira w'amaguru.


Abayapani nabo bavuga ko aribo wabuvumbuye umupira w'amaguru 

Muri 2005 umwanditsi John Smith yanditse igitabo "The History of Medieval Football". Muri iki gitabo mu mutwe witwa "Early Football Bans" ku rupapiro rwa 87 avuga ko ku itariki 13 Mata 1314 aribwo umupira w'amaguru wageze mu Bwongereza, uzanywe n'Umwami Edward II. 

Kuva ubwo umupira w'amaguru watangiye kujya ukinwa n'abo mu miryango yumwami. Uko Imyaka yagendaga izamuka na ba Rubanda rugufi mu Bwongereza bacengewe n'umupira W'amaguru, nuko batangira no kuwusakaza hanze y'u Bwongereza.

Nyuma yo kubona umupira w'amaguru utangiye gukundwa ku isi, umwongereza Ebenezer Cobb Morley ku itariki 8 Ukuboza mu 1863 yatangaje amahame akwiye kubahirizwa muri uyu mukino, kuva ubwo aba abatijwe umubyeyi w'umupira w'amaguru. 

Kuva ubwo umupira w'amaguru wahise uba umukino mpuzamahanga, hatangira gushirwaho andi mategeko awugenga no gutegurwa amarushanwa atandukanye.

Nyuma y' impinduka nyinshi zagiye ziba kuri uyu mupira, amateka atwereka ko mu 1923 umupira w'ibara ry'umweru watangiye gukoreshwa ahitwa Sao Paulo mu gihugu cya Brazil nk'uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa FIFA nyuma yo gusimbura umupira w'ibara rya marron.

Abahanga bari baramaze gucengerwa n'uyu mukino batangiye kureba uko bakora umupira utinjiramo amazi mu gihe cy'imvura bikaba byawutesha ibipimo nabyo byagenwe.

Itegeko rya FIFA ritegeka ko umupira ukinwa ugomba kuba ufite ibipimo bikurikira: Umuzenguruko O ungana na cm 68 kugeza kuri cm 70, Umurambararo uri hagati ya cm 21,65 na cm 22,29. 

Umupira w'amaguru ugomba kuba ufite Uburemere bungana na garama hagati ya 410 kugeza kuri garama 450, Umwuka ufite Imbaraga (Pression) zíri hagati ya At 1.6 na 2.1, umupira ugomba kuba ugizwe n'uduce tugera kuri 32 turi mu mabara atandukanye ndetse rimwe na rimwe turiho n'amazina y'ibigo bikomeye biba byarakoze iyo mipira.


Ubwongereza nibwo bwayeje imbere umupira w'amaguru, gusa sibwo bwawuvumbuye 

Tugendeye ku nyandiko zitandukanye twakwemeza ko umupira w'amaguru wavumburiwe mu Bushinwa ukomereza mu Bugereki, u Buyapani nabwo burawumenya, bigeze mu Bwongereza buwufasha gukura no gutera imbere. 






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