Bamwe bariyahuye, abandi ‘Depression’ irabazahaza! Imbuga nkoranyambaga, inkota y’amugi abiri

Ibi binajyana n’uko amanota abanyeshuri babonaga mu siyanse (Sciences), gusoma, imibare n’abandi yagabanutse cyane ku kigero kiteze kibaho.

Urubuga rwa HelpGuide rwo rwigeze gusohora inyandiko irimo ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zubatse mu buryo zigutwara igihe kuko zituma uzikoresha igihe kirekire kandi ugahora ushakisha ibishya byashyizweho n’abantu banturanye.

Ni mu gihe Lynne w’imyaka 10 avuga ko iyo ari kureba ibyashyizwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga atamenya igihe iminota yahindukiye amasaha. Mbese, kuri we biragoye ko yashyira hasi telefoni ngo akore ibintu by’ingenzi aba ateganya kwitaho.

Ariko kandi ukurikije amagambo avugwa mu Imigani 14:15, bigaragara ko ukwiye kwitondera no kutizera buri jambo ryose rivuzwe. Hagira hati “Umuntu wese utaraba inararibonye yizera ijambo ryose rivuzwe, ariko umunyamakenga yitondera intambwe ze.”

Andrew Kaung wabaye Umusesenguzi ku ikoreshwa ry’urubuga rwa Tik Tok, mu kazi yakoze mu gihe cy’amezi 19 (hagati y’Ukuboza 2020 na 2022), yigeze kuvuga ko abakoze imbuga nkoranyambaga bafite ikoranabuhanga, rituma babasha ku kugenera ibyo ureba cyangwa se usoma bajyanishije n’ibyo ukunze gushakisha (Search).

Bivuze ko kuba imbata y’imbuga nkoranyambaga bituruka mu bushobozi bw’ubwonko bwawe, igihe umara uzikoresha ndetse n’ibyo ukunda kureba.

Yavuze ati “‘Socia Media Algorithm’ ni ubuhanga bwa mudasobwa bukoreshwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga mu kubara no guhuza ibyo umuntu akora kuri izo mbuga maze zigashyira (recommend) ‘content’ runaka kuri ‘feeds’ yawe ushobora kuba wareba.”  

Urubuga rwa TikTok rugezweho muri iki gihe, rufite abakozi barenga 40,000 bagenzura ko abantu bareba ibintu bitabangiza. Kandi banafite uburyo buri imbere muri uru ruganda bwo kugenzura ibirebwa n’urubyiruko gusa.

Ubuyobozi bwa TikTok buherutse kubwira BBC ko bufite uburyo “buri imbere muri uru ruganda” bwo kugenzura ibirebwa n’urubyiruko, kandi ifite abakozi barenga 40,000 bo kugenzura ko abantu bareba ibintu bitabangiza.

Muri iyi minsi imbuga nkoranyambaga zabaye nzakagendana! By’umwihariko, inkundura y’abazikoresha mu gusakaza ubwambure bw’abandi mu Rwanda, gusebanya ubutitsa, ibiganiro byuzuye amatiku n’ibindi binyuranye byuzuye kuri izi mbuga.

Ubushakashatsi bumaze gukorerwa ku bantu banyuranye, bigaragara ko hari umubare munini w’abantu biyahuye kubera imbuga nkoranyambaga, ariko kandi hari n’abandi bazahajwe na ‘Depression’ kubera izi mbuga zashinzwe n’abantu n’abo ubwabo banyuze mu bihe by’ubwigunge.

Ushobora gufungwa hafi imyaka 10

Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana na Televiziyo Rwanda, Umuvugizi w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB), Dr. Murangira B. Thierry, yatangaje ko abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bakwiye kumenya amategeko azigenga, kuko zabaye umudugudu utuwe na buri wese.

Ati “Abo bantu bose bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nabi baba bazi neza 100% ko ibyo bakora ari icyaha. Iyo babikora bihisha inyuma y’utuzina biyita ariko barafatwa kandi bagahabwa ibihano bitewe n’ibyo bakoze.”

Dr Murangira yanavuze ko abakoresha nabi imbuga nkoranyambaga, bakwiye no kumenye ko hari ibihano bikarishye, birimo no gufungwa kugeza ku myaka 10.

Ati “Niba ari ugutangaza ibihuha hari amategeko ahari abihana, niba ari ukwiyitirira umwirondoro w’undi, niba ari ugukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, niba ari uguhamagarira abantu kwanga abandi, niba ari ugukoresha imvugo zivangura abantu cyangwa gukwirakwiza ibikorwa by’urukozasoni, ibyo byose hari amategeko abihana kandi hazamo n’ibihano by’igifungo kuva ku myaka itanu kugeza ku myaka 10.”

Yasobanuye ko hari abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nk’ahantu ho kuruhurira umutima, bumvikanisha ibibazo by’ubuzima banyuzemo nyamara ari ukubeshya, ahubwo bagamije ko abantu babagirira impuhwe bakaba amafaranga- avuga ko ibi nabyo bidakwiye.

Ati “Ibintu byaje byo kuruhura umutima ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bisenya umuryango kuko iyo ugiye hariya ukavuga ukuntu wari indaya, umwana wawe najya ku ishuri bazamuserereza bati ‘dore wa mwana ufite mama we w’indaya cyangwa papa we w’umusinzi’. Ibyo rero ntabwo bikwiriye, hari ubuzima bwite buba butagomba kuvugirwa mu ruhame.”

Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, hakorerwaho ibyaha

Mu Ukwakira 2022, Umunyeshuri wa Kaminuza muri Nigeria yafunguwe nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri byari bishize akurikinyweho gusebya Aisha, umugore wa Perezida Muhammadu Buhari kuri X [Yahoze ari Twitter].

Yarekuwe nyuma y’uko abashinjacyaha baretse ibirego byabo kuri we “ku mpamvu z’impuhwe”. Ariko kandi, imbere y’urukiko uyu musore Adamu yari yahakanye gukwiza “inkuru z’impuha.”

Mu butumwa bwo kuri X, uyu musore yavuze ko ibyo yakoze “Ntabwo nashakaga kubabaza intekerezo zawe”- Abwira Aisha, umugore wa Perezida wa Nigeria.

Uganda yigeze gushyiraho umusoro ku bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Nyakanga 2018, Polisi yigeze gukoresha imbaraga z’umurengera mu gutatanya ibihumbi by’abantu biraye mu mihanda bamagana ku mugaragaro umusoro ku bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Icyo gihe abantu babiri batawe muri yombi, mu bihumbi by’urubyiruko bumvikanishaga ko barambiwe ibyemezo bifatwa n’ubutegetsi buriho.

Iyi myigaragambyo yayobowe ahanini n'abahanzi, abanyamakuru, n'abanyapolitiki. Icyo gihe Bobi Wine wabaye Umudepite yagize ati “Turi kwigaragambya kubera ko uyu musoro udashyize mu gaciro, unyuranyije n'itegeko-nshinga, kandi wibasiye urubyiruko rwa Uganda. Rero ntituzawemera kandi turawamaganye."

Ifoto yasakajwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ari mu gitaramo yamugejeje muri gereza

Bisa n’aho umwaka wa 2022 utahiriwe Liliane Mugabekazi, kuko ubwo yari yitabiriye igitaramo Umufaransa Tayc yakoreye muri BK Arena, yafashwe ifoto igaragaza imyambaro y’imbere, ubundi ahinduka igitaramo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ariko, byongeye ubukana ahanini bitewe n’uburyo n’ikiganiro yakoze asobanura ko kwambara kuriya byari mu murongo wo gitinyura abandi. Ati “Tinyuka urashoboye.”

Yarafashwe arafungurwa, arekurwa ku wa 19 Kanama 2022. Mu iburanisha, yarezwe ibiterasoni bishingiye ku ifoto yafashwe muri icyo gitaramo. Yari yatawe muri yombi ku itariki ya 7 Kanama 2022.

Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregaga gukorera ibiterasoni mu ruhame, bumusabira gukomeza gufungwa iminsi 30 y'agateganyo.

Mu rukiko yiregura, Mugabekazi yavugaga ko atigeze ajya mu gitaramo yambaye ubusa kuko iyo biba ari ko byagenze abapolisi bari ku muryango w'iyo nyubako batari kuba bamwemereye kwinjira.

Yavuze ko mu gitaramo hagati ikoti rye ryaje gufunguka, umuntu atazi akamufotora, kandi ko kuba yaragaragaye yambaye gutyo byabazwa uwamufotoye.

Dr Murangira agereranya imbuga nkoranyambaga nk’inkota y’amugi abiri

Dr. Murangira aherutse kuvuga ko mu myaka itanu ishize, hakurikiranwwe ibirego (Cases) 113, harimo abakekwa 136. Mu 2019/2020 hakurikiranywe ibirego 21, 2020/2021 hakurikiranwe ibirego 24, 2021/2022 hakirwa ibirego 20, 2022/2023 hakurikiranwa ibirego 16 naho 2024 kugeza iki gihe hakurikiranwa 32.

Dr. Murangira avuga ko Itegeko Nshinga ryemerera buri wese gutanga ibitekerezo bye, ariko asabwa gutanga ibitekerezo bitabangamira ituze rya rubanda, cyangwa bikurura umwiryane muri rubanda.

Yavuze ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari inkota y'amugi abiri, bityo buri wese akwiye kuyikoresha mu buryo budasenya abandi. Kandi nta muntu ukwiye gutanga ibitekerezo yitwikiriye imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ati "Menya ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari inkota y'amugi abiri. Iyo uyikoresheje nabi ishobora ku gukeba. Ni ukuvuga ngo bwa bwisanzure nabi, za mbuga nkoranyambaga nabi ugwa mu mutego wo guhanwa n'amategeko, wayikoresha neza nabwo ikisanzura."

Bamwe bariyahura abandi ‘Depression’ yarabazahaje

Hari abavuga ko umubare w’abantu bakoresha ‘Smartphones’ wiyongereye cyane mu Isi kurusha uburoso bw’amenyo. Ndetse, imibare yo mu 2022, igaragaza ko mu Bwongereza, hafi 91% by’abana batunze izi telefoni ngendanwa zuzuye ikoranabuhanga.

Iyi mibare kandi igaragaza ko, muri Amerika abana hari hagati y’imyaka icyenda na 11, batunze izi telefoni bari ku kigero cya 37%. Ni mu gihe abana bari hagati y’imyaka 9 n’imyaka 16 mu bihugu 19 byo mu Burayi, abakoresha telefoni za ‘smartphones’ bangana na 80%.

Muri Werurwe 2023, Ishami ry’Umuryango ryita ku buzima ryasohotse inyandiko ryavuzemo, ko 3.8% by’abatuye Isi bugarijwe n’agahinda gakabirije (Depression). Abagore barangana na 4% n’aho abagabo ni 6%. Ni mu gihe abakuze bari hejuru y’imyaka 60 bangana na 5.7%.

Iyi nyandiko ivuga ko muri rusange abantu Miliyoni 280 aribo bugarijwe na ‘Depression’ ku Isi hose. Kandi agahinda gakabije kibasira cyane abagore kurusha abagabo.

Abagore nibura 10% ku Isi bigeze kubyara, bugarijwe n’agahinda gakabije. Ni mu gihe iyi raporo yagaragaje ko nibura abantu 700,000 biyahura buri mwaka. Kandi kwiyahura ni kimwe mu bintu bine bitera impfu z’abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 29.

Dr. Leonard Sax yigeze kuvuga ati “Uko umara igihe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bituma wigereranya n’abandi, ukumva ubabaye kandi wihebye.

Ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2023, ikinyamakuru ETV Bharat cyatangaje ko umusore uri mu kigero cy'imyaka 16 yiyahuye nyuma y'uko ashyira amashusho kuri konti ye ya Instaram yakirizwa ibitutsi ibihumbi, bituma atekereza ko wa muryango mugari yizeraga wamutereranye.

Ibiterekezo bya benshi bamubwiye ko akwiye gusubiza iriya video yari yashyizeho. Iki kinyamakuru cyavuze ko uyu musore atishimiye ibitekerezo yakiriye kuri Instagram bituma yiyahura.

Yari umwe mu bari bazwi cyane mu Buhinde mu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, kuko yakoraga 'Video' zari zubakiye ku kwigisha abantu ibijyanye n'ubwiza.

Ubushakashatsi ku bipimo by’iterambere ry’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda bwakozwe mu 2018 (Rwanda Media Barometer 2018) bwerekanye ko mu bantu babajijwe, 18% bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu gushaka amakuru. Uwo mubare wari 9.4% mu bushakashatsi nk’ubwo mu 2013.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko WhatsApp ari rwo rubuga rukoreshwa cyane, kuko abarukoresha bavuye kuri 14% mu 2013 bagera kuri 65.5% muri 2016. 

Gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bisaba gushishoza, no kwitwararika kugirango utaba imbata yazo