Hakenewe ivugururwa mu Itegeko ‘ryambuye abahanzi uburenganzira ku bihangano byabo’

Abarimo Tom Close, Intore Tuyisenge, Ally Soudy bagaragaje ko hari ibyo bishimira byakozwe mu guteza imbere abahanzi, ariko kandi hari ingingo ziri muri iri tegeko rishya zikwiye kuvugururwa kugira ngo abahanzi bagire uburenganzira ku bihangano byabo bahanze mu bihe bitandukanye.

Ally Soudy asobanura ko ubuhanzi cyangwa se igihangano ari umutungo kamere w’umuntu ku giti cye atari ari umutungo rusange. Ariko kandi umuhanzi ku giti cye ashobora gufata umwanzuro cyangwa se inzego runaka zamuganirije ashobora kwemera ko igihangano cye gikoreshwa mu nyungu rusange ariko ‘nta na rimwe abihatirwa cyangwa hagakwiye kubaho itegeko ribimuhatira’.

Akomeza ati “Ubanza uwazanye iri itegeko adasobanukiwe n'uruganda rw'imyidagaduro. Adasobanukiwe ko ubuhanzi ari ubucuruzi, adasobanukiwe ko habaho amategeko ahubwo arengera ibihangano by'abantu ibizwi nka ‘Copyright’.”

Mu by'ukuri aya niyo ahubwo twirirwa tunasaba ko yubahirizwa kugira ngo abahanzi bashora amafaranga yabo mu buhanzi bwabo bashobore kunguka, kwagura no gukuza ubuhanzi ndetse n'ubucuruzi bwabo.”

Umuhanzi Tom Close yagaragaje ko igihangano cy’umuhanzi cyagakwiriye kumuha inyungu yahitamo ‘kuyigomwa ku nyungu rusange akaba ariwe wifatira icyemezo.’

Akomeza ati “Iri tegeko sindarisoma, ariko ribaye rikoze uko, byaba bikwiriye kongera gusuzumwa. Ababishinzwe badufasha bakabireba. Murakoze.”

Ni ibiki bivugwa muri iri tegeko ryateje impagarara mu bahanzi?

Iyo ufashe umwanya wo gusoma neza iri tegeko, ubona ko risobanura umuhazi n’uko burenganzira bwe bukwiye kubahirizwa, igihangano n’uburyo gikwiye kurengerwa.

Ariko kandi abateguye iri tegeko bakuye uburenganzira ku bihangano by’abahanzi, igihe byakoreshwa mu nyungu rusange. Ntacyo nyiri igihangano agomba kubaza igihe cyakoreshejwe na Leta mu nyungu rusange, kandi bizwi neza ko kugira ngo igihangano kiboneke biba byaratwaye amafaranga, umwanya n’izindi mbaraga.

Ibi bikaba mu gihe abatanze ‘Sound’, aho gukorera, intebe, imodoka n’ibindi byo biba byishyuwe kandi neza.

Umuhanzi akaba n'Umuyobozi w'Urugaga rw'Abahanzi mu Rwanda, Tuyisenge Intore yabwiye InyaRwanda ko hari ingingo zigize iri tegeko bemeranya nazo, ariko kandi ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 293 kugeza kuri 301 ntacyo zifasha abahanzi mu kurengera ibihangano byabo.

Ati “Uhereye ku ngingo ya 293 nubwo waba utari umuhanzi nawe agahinda kakwica. Ibihangano abahanzi benshi bakora biba bigamije kwigisha. Turasaba abategura imfashanyigisho ko bategura n’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ibihangano kuko abanyeshuri batanga amafaranga y’ishuri, Leta ikanashyiramo nkunganire, bityo ibihangano by’abahanzi bikwiye kwishyurwa nk’uko mu ngingo ya 278 y’iri tegeko ibivuga ntihabemo kuyivuguruza.”

Akomeza ati “Urebye mu ngingo ya 301 ku bwisanzure mu ikinwa ry’ibihangano mu ruhame bivuze ko abahanzi batubwiye ngo ubuhanzi ntacyo buzabamarira mushatse mwabureka mu gihe umusanzu w’abahanzi mu bikorwa bitandukanye ugaragara.”

Tuyisenge yavuze ko iri tegeko ryasohotse mu gihe bicaranye n’abarimo baritegura, babereka ko ‘ziriya ngingo zibabangamiye kuko zitarengera umuhanzi ahubwo zirengera abakoresha ibihangano byabo mu nyungo zabo.

Ati “Icyadutunguye kandi cyababaje abahanzi ni uko itegeko ryasohotse bikirimo. Kandi bari bumvikanye n’inzego zihagarariye abahanzi ko bikurwamo.”

Yavuze ko bazakomeza ubuvugizi bafatanyije n’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu y’Abahanzi kugira ngo hakorwe Itegeko rifasha kandi rirengera abahanzi.

Nubwo bimeze gutya ariko, abahanzi bashima cyane Leta kuba hari ubushake bwa Politike mu gufasha abahanzi no kurengera ibihangano byabo.

Tuyisenge ati “Bityo twizeye ko hakomeza no gukorwa amategeko kuko atuma umuhanzi akora ubuhanzi yishimye. Turasaba ko hashyirwaho Politike y’ubuhanzi bityo bizafasha abahanzi n'abafatanyabikorwa babo mu kwiteza imbere no guteza imbere igihugu muri rusange.”

Yungamo ati “Turasaba abantu bose gufata ibihangano byacu nk’umutungo wacu, uko tutavogera imitungo yabo nabo niko bakwiye kubigira ku bihangano by’abahanzi. Igihangano cyanjye niwo mutungo wanjye, impano yanjye nibwo bukungu bwanjye.”

Igihe cyo kurengera igihangano cy’umuhanzi cyashidikanyijweho

Uko ukomeza gusoma iri tegeko ubona ko hari ikibazo ku gihe cyo kurengera uburenganzira bw’umuhanzi bigomba kumara.

Usomye neza ku ngingo ya 306 aho bavuga uburenganzira nyamuntu birasobanutse. Bavuga ko uburenganzira nyamuntu ku gihangano ntibugira igihe burangirira ntibusaza, ntibuhererekanywa mu gihe umuhanzi akiriho cyangwa yarapfuye.

Ariko ingingo ya 307 ivuga ko umuhanzi azatakaza uburenganzira ku gihangano cye nyuma y’imyaka 50 apfuye.

Bati “Uburenganzira mu bukungu ku gihangano burarengerwa mu gihe cyose umuhanzi akiriho ndetse no mu gihe kingana n’imyaka 50 nyuma y’urupfu rwe. Igihe cyo kurengera uburenganzira mu bukungu ku gihangano kirangirana n’umwaka uburenganzira bw’umuhanzi burangiriramo.”

Tuyisenge ati “Mu ngingo ya 307 havuga igihe kurengera uburenganzira mu bukungura bimara, twifuza ko bitagahawe igihe nabyo kuko nyiri igihangano niyo yapfa asiga umuryango n’abazawukomokaho bityo bakwiye kugumana uburenganzira, ubwo ubishatse agakurikiza ibisabwa nk’uko ku yindi mitungo y’abantu bigenda.”

Akomeza ati “Imyaka 50 ibarwa nyuma y’urupfu rwe twasabaga ko nubwo haba hari n’ahandi bikorwa bityo ariko twe dukwiye kugira umwihariko kuko ntiduhuje n’ibibazo n’aho dukura si hamwe.”

Intore Tuyisenge yagaragaje ko ingingo ya 301 n’ingingo ya 293 zikwiye kuvugururwa abahanzi bakabona uburenganzira ku bihangano byabo 

Nubwo bimeze gutya ariko, Tuyisenge avuga ko mu ngingo bashima muri iri tegeko arimo nk’iya 323 ivuga ku bikubiye mu masezerano y’uruhushya rw’uburenganzira mu bukungu ku gihangano, guhera ku gace ka 7 kose kugeza ngingo 325.

Ati “Turasaba abahanzi n’abandi bakoresha n’abasubiramo ibihangano by’abandi ko hari amategeko ahari bityo bakwiye kuyitondera.”

Yungamo ati “Ubuyobozi bw’urugaga rwa muzika na RAC turi gukora ubuvugizi ku ngingo twabonye ziri muri ririya tegeko zakoma mu nkokora iterambere ry’ubuhanzi kugira ngo zigweho zivugururwe bityo abahanzi barusheho guhanga umurimo kandi batungwe n’ibyo bakora.”

Ni ryari igihango cy’umuhanzi kizajya gikinwa mu ruhame nta burenganira umuhanzi yatanze?

Ingingo ya 301 ivuga ku bwisanzure mu ikinwa ry’igihangano mu ruhame. Ivuga ko ikinwa ry’igihangano mu ruhame riremewe bidatangiwe uruhushya rw’umuhanzi kandi hadatanzwe igihembo cy’uruhushya iyo bikozwe:

(a) mu gihe cy’imihango ya Leta cyangwa y’amadini iyo gukina igihangano mu ruhame bitagamije inyungu;

(b) mu rwego rw’ibikorwa by’uburezi cyangwa ubukangurambaga bukozwe na Leta cyangwa n’ikigo kitagamije inyungu, iyo ikinwa ry’igihangano mu ruhame bitagamije inyungu;

(c) cyangwa mu rwego rw’ibikorwa byo kwigisha bikozwe n’ikigo cy’uburezi, iyo igihangano gikiniwe abakozi, abanyeshuri cyangwa umuryango ugizwe n’abanyeshuri cyangwa abandi bantu bafite uruhare rutaziguye mu bikorwa by’icyo kigo.

Ingingo ya 293: Ivuga ku bwisanzure mu gukoresha ibango ry’igihangano cyatangajwe

(1) Gukoresha mu buryo bwo gutira ibango cyangwa igice gito cy’igihangano cyatangajwe rigashyirwa mu kindi gihangano biremewe, bidatangiwe uruhushya n’umuhanzi nta n’igihembo cy’uruhushya gitanzwe, iyo gukoresha iryo bango cyangwa igice gito cy’igihangano byatiwe byubahiriza imikoreshereze myiza kandi ntibirenge intego zigamijwe.

(2) Gutira ibango cyangwa igice gito cy’igihangano biherekezwa no kugaragaza inkomoko n’izina ry’umuhanzi, iyo iryo zina rigaragara ku gihangano iryo bango ryakuwemo.

Ally Soudy yasabye abategura amategeko areba abahanzi kujya babanza kubaganiriza no kumenya neza uko ubuhanzi bukwiye guhabwa agaciro
Tom Close yavuze ko umuhanzi ariwe wenyine ubufite uburenganzira ku gihangano cye