Icyo impuguke mu bukungu zivuga ku ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga n'icyo rizamarira Abanyarwanda

Hemejwe ko ifaranga-koranabuhanga (digital currency) rizatangira gukoreshwa mu Rwanda bitarenze mu 2026. Kuri ubu, harimo gutegurwa amategeko na politiki byihariye bigomba kugenga ikoreshwa ry'iri faranga. 

Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana na The New Times, Guverineri Wungirije wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Soraya Hakuziyaremenye, yavuze ko inyigo u Rwanda rumaze iminsi rukora yagaragaje ko koko rukeneye ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga ndetse hanzurwa ko ibikenewe byose ngo ritangire gukoreshwa bizaba byarangiye mu myaka ibiri iri imbere.

Abasesengura ubukungu bakavuga ko ari amahirwe menshi ku gihugu, kuko bizafasha no guhanga imirimo mishya. Bavuga ko kandi iri faranga rizafasha igihugu kuzamura ubukungu bwacyo, binyuze mu kwihutisha iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bw'imbere mu gihugu n'ubwambukiranya imipaka.

Umwe muri aba, ni umuhanga mu by'ubukungu akaba n'umusesenguzi mu bya politiki, Dr. Bihira Canisius. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na InyaRwanda, yashimangiye ko u Rwanda rwakerewe gutangira gukoresha iri faranga kuko ibindi bihugu bimaze igihe biribyaza umusaruro.

Yagize ati: "Ahubwo twe twarakererewe abandi barikoresheje kuva kera, ryaremewe kuko ni ifaranga na ryo rifite uko rikora."

Crypto currency na Bitcoin ni yo mafaranga-koranabuhanga azwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibigo nka Binance, nabyo bimaze kumenyekana kubera gukora ubucuruzi bw'aya mafaranga agezweho.

Banki nkuru y'Igihugu BNR yemeza ko iri faranga rizaba ryitwa CBDC (mu magambo arambuye aribyo Central Bank Digital Currency).

Mu kwezi kwa 5 uyu mwaka, uru rwego rwashyize ahagaragara ubushakashatsi rwakoze ku ikoreshwa ry'ifaranga-koranabuhanga mu Rwanda. Bwerekana ko iri faranga rizagirira igihugu akamaro binyuze muri gahunda ya leta, y'ubukungu buhererekanya amafranga mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (cashless economy).

Habanje ubushakashatsi, hazakurikiraho itegeko ryihariye ritanga uburengazira ku ikoreshwa ry'iri faranga, rikazasohoka bitarenze mu 2026, ari nabwo rizatangira gukoreshwa mu buryo bwemewe.

Ifaranga rya CBDC ritandukanye n’andi mafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga azwi nka ’Cryptocurrency’ ari n’aho ayo mu bwoko bwa Bitcoin abarizwa.

Bimwe mu bitandukanya Central Bank Digital Currency na Cryptocurrency harimo ko kimwe kiba kigenzurwa na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu mu gihe ikindi gishobora kugenzurwa n’ubonetse wese.

Ibi bituma ikoreshwa rya Central Bank Digital Currency ritagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu nk’uko bigenda kuri Bitcoins kandi rikaba ryizewe nk’uko andi mafaranga bimeze.

Iri ni ifaranga rikorwa n’ibihugu ariko imisusire yaryo itandukanye n’ayo dusanzwe tubona y’inoti cyangwa ibiceri bikozwe muri zahabu cyangwa umuringa ’silver’.

Ni ifaranga ryemewe n’amategeko rikoreshwa mu kugura ibintu na serivisi ariko hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, kurihererekanya no kugaruza nabyo bigakorwa mu ikoranabuhanga.

Guverineri Wungirije wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Soraya Hakuziyaremenye, yavuze ko iri faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga rizafasha Abanyarwanda guhererekanya amafaranga no gukora ubucuruzi mu buryo butekanye, ugereranyije n’umutekano ifaranga risanzwe rigira. Bizafasha kandi abantu kugira inyungu muri gahunda z’ubukungu n’imari zidaheza.

Yakomeje avuga ku mpamvu iri faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga rikenewe mu Rwanda.

Ati “byagaragaye ko ari ingenzi kubera kandi ibiri gukorwa mu bind ibihugu. Turabizi ko hafi ibihugu 11 byatangiye gukoresha iri faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga. Icya mbere ni Bahamas, ndetse harimo n’ibihugu byo muri Afurika birimo Nigeria, Ghana na Afurika y’Epfo, aho bimwe biri mu cyiciro cy’igerageza mu gihe ibindi byatangiye kurikoresha.

Yavuze ko gahunda yo gutangira gukoresha iri faranga mu Rwanda yabanjirijwe n’inyigo yo kureba uko byakorwa. Ni gahunda yagizwemo uruhare na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo ndetse na Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi.

Soraya Hakuziyaremenye yavuze ko “Ibyavuye muri iyi nyigo byatweretse amahirwe atandukanye ari mu gukoresha ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda. Twabonye agera kuri ane dushaka kugerageza. 

Amahirwe ya mbere ni uko iri faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga rizaba rifite Ubushobozi bwisumbuyeho bwo gukora neza mu bijyanye n’uburyo bw’imyishyurire buhari uyu munsi, ndetse ryagaragaye nk’uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyurana mu gihe cy’ibiza n’ibibazo."

Yakomeje avuga ko nubwo iri faranga ari ryiza hari impungenge nke barigizeho zishingiye ku kuba Abaturage batakwitabira kurikoresha.

Ati “Niba Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ishyizeho ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga ariko Abaturage ntibabone inyungu zaryo, nta kiba cyakozwe. Ntabwo dushaka gushyiraho ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga kubera kurishyiraho gusa, ahubwo turashaka gushyiraho ifaranga rifitye inyungu Abaturage b’u Rwanda. 

Iyi niyo mpamvu twasohoye inyandiko y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ndetse buri wese akaba ashobora kubitanga ibitekerezo, twiteze kubona ibitekerezo n’impungenge by’abaturage."

Soraya Hakuziyaremenye yakomeje avuga ko mu minsi iri imbere hazatangira Ibikorwa byo kugerageza iri faranga n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha, “hashingiwe kuri urwo rugendo, turatekereza ko Byose bizaba byarangiye mu myaka ibiri iri imbere."