Harimo Congo n’u Burundi: Ibihugu 10 bikennye cyane ku Isi mu 2024

Nubwo bigaragara ko isi ifite ubutunzi buhagije bwatuma buri kiremwa muntu cyose kigira imibereho myiza, hari bimwe mu bihugu byiganjemo ibyo ku mugabane wa Afurika birimo u Burundi, Sudani y’Epfo na Congo bikomeje kuza mu bihugu bishegeshwe n’ubukene bukabije ku isi.

Kuva icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyahagaritse iterambere cyagenzaga macye mu mpera za 2022, IMF yavuze ko abantu miliyoni 198 bashobora kuba barinjiye mu rwego rw'abakene cyane.

Amakuru meza, ni uko isesengura riherutse gukorwa n’itsinda ry’abahanga mu bukungu muri Banki y’isi ryagaragaje ko kuri ubu ubukene ku isi bwagabanutse ku kigero cy’uko igipimo cyenda gusubira uko cyahoze mbere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19. 

Amakuru mabi ni uko hafi 50% by'abatuye isi baba munsi y'umurongo wo hagati w’ubukene ungana n'amadolari 6.85 ku munsi: bivuze ko bisaba amafaranga menshi kugira ngo ufatwe nk'umukene mu gihugu gikize.

Biteye impungenge cyane kubona ibihugu 10 bya mbere byose byasohotse ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi ari ibyo muri Afurika. Dore urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 bya mbere bikennye ku isi mu 2024 nk'uko bitangazwa na Global Finance:

1.     Sudani y’Epfo – 476 $

Sudani y’Epfo yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo rukabije kuva yashingwa mu 2011, ni cyo gihugu kiyoboye ibindi bihugu 100 byasohotse ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi mu 2024. Iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 11 cyamunzwe n’ibibazo by’amacakubiri mu bya politiki n’imibereho, ubusumbane, ruswa n’intambara. 

Umubare munini w’abahatuye bakora mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi gakondo, nubwo ihohoterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe rikabije byagiye bikumira abahinzi guhinga uko bikwiye no gusarura imyaka yabo. Ni mu gihe Banki y'isi ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2023 abantu barenga miliyoni 9 muri iki gihugu bari bakeneye ubufasha bw’imibereho.

2.     U Burundi – 890 $

U Burundi buza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, kiri mu bihugu bitagira umutungo kamere kandi cyahungabanijwe n'intambara y'abenegihugu imaze imyaka 12. Hafi 80% by'abaturage b’u Burundi bagera kuri miliyoni 13 bashingira ubuzima bwabo ku buhinzi. 

Ikibazo cyo kubura ibiribwa kikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Abaturage bafite amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu ntabwo bageze kuri 5%, mu gihe kubona amazi n’ibijyanye n’isuku bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi.

Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye yashyizeho umwete mu kongera ubukungu no gusana umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga, maze mu 2022 Amerika ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Uburayi byongera gutanga ubufasha nyuma yo gukuraho ibihano byari byarafatiye iki gihugu.

3.     Repubulika ya Centrafrique - 1,127 $

Repubulika ya Centrafrique ikungahaye kuri zahabu, peteroli, uraniyumu na diyama,  ituwe n'abaturage bakennye cyane bikayishyira mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi kuva mu myaka icumi ishize.

4. Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo - 1,510 $

Kuva yabona ubwigenge yiyomoye ku Bubiligi mu 1960, DRC imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ihanye n’igitugu gikaze, umutekano mucye ushingiye ku bibazo bya politiki, ndetse n’urugomo ruhoraho bituma iza mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Abagera kuri 65% by'abaturage batuye iki gihugu bagera kuri miliyoni 100 babona amafaranga ari munsi ya $ 2.15 ku munsi.

Nyamara ariko, Banki y'Isi ivuga ko DRC ifite amikoro n'ubushobozi byo kuba kimwe mu bihugu bikize muri Afurika kandi kiyoboye n'iterambere ry’umugabane wose kuko ni cyo kinini mu gutanga colbat ku isi, kikaba n’isoko rya mbere ry’umuringa muri Afurika wifashishwa mu gukora ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.

5.     Niger - 1,600 $

Hafi 80% by'ubutaka bwa Niger butwikiriwe n'ubutayu bwa Sahara hamwe n'abaturage biyongera cyane batunzwe n'ubuhinzi buciriritse. Ibura ry’ibiribwa, indwara n’imfu biriyongera cyane muri iki gihugu. Imirwano ikunze kugaragara mu gisirikare na Boko Haram ishami rya Leta ya Kisilamu (ISIS) yimuye ibihumbi by’abaturage.

6.     Mozambique - 1,584 $

Nubwo Mozambique ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere ikaba yubakitse neza, iracyafite ibibazo byayizanye mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikennye cyane ku isi, aho ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’imidugararo ya politiki ari bimwe muri nyirabayazana. Icyatumye biba bibi kurushaho, nuko kuva mu 2017 ibitero byagabwe n'imitwe y'inyeshyamba za kisilamu byibasiye igice cy’Amajyaruguru ikungahaye kuri gaze.

7.     Malawi - 1,688 $

Ubukungu bwa Malawi, kimwe  mu bihugu bito muri Afurika, ahanini bushingiye ku bihingwa, ariko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikomeje kubabera ikibazo cy’ingutu. Ibura ry’ibiribwa mu bice by'icyaro ni ryinshi cyane. Muri iki gihe, Malawi irimo guhangana n'ikibazo cy'ubukungu cyateje ibura rya peteroli, izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibiribwa, ndetse no gutakaza agaciro kw’ifaranga ku kigero gikabije.

8.     Liberia - 1,789 $

Hashize imyaka myinshi Repubulika ya kera cyane muri Afurika yashyizwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Icyizere cyo kuva kuri uru rutonde, cyari kiri hejuru cyane igihe George Weah wahoze akina umupira w'amaguru yabaye Perezida mu 2018. 

Ku bw’amahirwe macye uko byari byitezwe, ahubwo imyaka yose yamaze ku butegetsi yaranzwe n’izamuka ry’agaciro k’ifaranga rikabije, ubushomeri ndetse n’iterambere rihagaze nabi ry’ubukungu kugeza mu 2023 ubwo yatsindwaga n’umuyobozi utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Joseph Boakai. Kuva Boakai yajya ku butegetsi, ikibazo cyatangiye kugabanya ubukana iterambere ritangira kwiyongera, ndetse biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri 4% muri 2024.

9.     Chad - 1,807 $

Igihugu cya Tchad kiri mu bihugu 10 bifite peteroli nyinshi muri Afurika nyamara ubukene bukomeje kukibasira kuko ari icya cyenda mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Mu 2003 peteroli nyinshi yakoreshejwe n’umutegetsi wigenga w’igihugu, Idriss Deby, kurwanya inyeshyamba no guhashya abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe. 

Igihe Deby yicwaga mu 2021, inama ya gisirikare iyobowe n'umuhungu we, Mahamat Idriss, yigaruriye igihugu. Itegekonshinga ryahagaritswe nyuma gato, guverinoma n'inteko ishinga amategeko biraseswa. Ashigikiwe n'igisirikare cye, Mahamat yakomeje kuba umukuru w’igihugu w’inzibacyuho kugeza na n’ubu.

10.  Madagascar - 1,907 $

Kuva yabona ubwigenge yiyomoye ku Bufaransa mu 1960, Madagascar yahuye n’imivurungano ya politiki, guhirika ubutegetsi n’amatora atavugwaho rumwe. Perezida Andry Rajoelina watowe mu 2019, yaje ku butegetsi asezeranya guhangana na ruswa, kugabanya ubukene no guteza imbere ubukungu gusa byarangiriye mu masezerano gusa. Madagascar iracyafite kimwe mu bipimo by’ubukene biri hejuru ku isi ku kigero cya 75%, iterambere ricumbagira, kandi guta agaciro kw’ifaranga bihagaze hafi ku 10%.

Mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika biza ku rutonde rw'ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi mu 2024 harimo Uganda, Tanzania, Mali, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Togo, Egypt, Nigeria, Afurika y'Epfo, Somalia, Ethiopia, Angola, Ghana, Kenya, u Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa 23 n'ibindi.