Hasohotse ‘Inyoborabatoza’, igitabo kivuga amavu n’amavuko y’imbyino gakondo za Kinyarwanda

Kiri Paji 72 cyasohotse kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 11 Ukwakira 2023. Cyanditswe n’abakozi batatu b’Inteko y’Umuco Kabagema Egide, Murego Yves ndetse na Niyomugaba Jonathan.

Ni nyuma yo gukorera ingendoshuri mu ntara zitandukanye z’u Rwanda, bakusanya ibitekerezo cyane cyane baganira n’abakuze ku miterere y’imbyino gakondo za Kinyarwanda n’uko zikwiye kuba zitozwa.

Umuyobozi w’Itorero Intayoberana, Kayigemera Sangwa Aline aherutse kubwira InyaRwanda ko ‘Inyoborabatoza’ ije ikenewe kuko bizatuma buri torero rihimba ryisunze umurongo ngenderwaho.

Avuga ati “Burya umurongo ni ngombwa cyane, kuko bituma uhimba adatana kuko hari iby’ibanze amatorero abyina,urugero kuba bamenya inkomoko y’ibyo baserukana n’uburyo biserukwa, inyitwaro, injyana ndetse n’ibindi.”

Yavuze ko ari ibyo kwishimirwa kuko nubwo itorero ryagira umwihariko waryo, ariko hakwiye kuba hari umurongo bazi bagomba kugenderaho.

Akomeza ati “Hari iby’ibanze amatorero abyina aba agomba kumenya nk’ishingiro, bityo n’ibyo bahimba bikagira ireme bishingiye ku gusobanukirwa neza imvo n’imvano yabyo. Ni ibyo kwishimira, kandi ni ingenzi cyane.”

Ijambo ry’ibanze ry’iki gitabo risobanuka ko ikinyejana cya 21 cyagaragaje iterambere ridasanzwe ry’uruganda ndangamuco n’ubuhanzi hirya no hino ku Isi.

Bikaba ari nako bimeze mu Rwanda aho ubu ubuhanzi n’ibikorwa ndangamuco bifatwa nk’imwe mu nkingi z’iterambere rirambye kandi icyo cyiciro kigaragara nk’igikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga nyinshi.

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere ababanzi bakomeje kubonwa nk’abafasha mu myidagaduro, mu itumanaho n’isangiramuco binyuze mu ndirimbo, imbyino, imyiyereko, ubugeni n’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo

Abanditsi b’iki gitabo bavuga ko mu cyiciro cy’imbyino ndamuco, hagaragayemo icyuho mu mitoreze yazo cyane cyane mu bakiri bato, mu mashuri n’ahandi.

Kandi ko ibi byanagaragajwe mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo yari iyobowe na Ministiri w’Urubyiruko n’Umuco, yari yitabiriwe n’abayobozi b’ Inteko y’Umuco, Inama y’Igihugu y’Abahanzi, ahagarariye urugaga ndetse n’ amatorero y’imbyino Gakondo mu Rwanda (tariki ya 21 Nyakanga 2023).

Muri iyi Nyoborabatoza batangaje harimo imbyino gakondo zikurikira: Imbyino z’inka n’izerekeka ubwiza bw’umunyarwandakazi, Imyireko, Imbyino z’umudiho inyuranye, n’Imbyino zihariye.

Muri iyi Nyoborabatoza ntabwo imbyino zose za kinyarwanda bazivuye inyuma, kuko hazakurikiraho ibikorwa byo kugenda bavuga birambuye kuri buri mbyino.

Abanditse b’iki gitabo bavuga ko “Icyari kigenderewe kwari ukugaragaza zimwe mu mbyino z’ibanze, imyiyereko zamenyekanye cyane kandi zikigaragara na n’ubu kugira ngo abato, abazitoza n’abandi basobanukirwe n’umwimwerere wazo bityo babe bawigana; abahanga ibishya na bo babashe kuvomamo ariko hagamijwe muri rusange gusigasira uwo murage.”

Kuri Paji ya Cyenda y’iki gitabo basobanura ko ‘Imbyino’ ari “Guhoondagura ibireenge ku butaka ku buryo bubonéye ukabigira wíikuunda mu mubyíimba kaándi urusakú rw’íbireenge rukajyaanirana n íindíriimbo yabígenewe”. Naho ijambo imbyino ryo rigasobanura “Indíriimbo ihérekejwe númudiiho”

Imbyino ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba z’Umuco Nyarwanda kuko umuziki no kubyina byakomeje kuba iby’ingenzi mu bigize umuryango nyarwanda: “Mu Rwanda kubyina byari kandi biracyari ishema ku buryo buri munyarwanda ashatse yagira ati: Ubwo ndiririmba, mbyina ubwo ndiho.”

Ibi bigaragaza ko imbyino n’indirimbo bifitanye isano ya hafi. Bigaragaza kandi ko indirimbo n’imbyino bifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda.

Abanditsi b’iki gitabo bahuza imbaraga n’aba batoza b’imbyino bari bubakiye ku ntego yo:

-Kugaragaza ubwoko bunyuranye bw’imbyino gakondo ndetse n’izizishamikiyeho bitewe n’uturere;

-Kugaragaza no gukosora amakosa agaragara mu mitoreze y’imbyino

gakondo;

-Kugaragaza imitoreze ikwiye y’imbyino gakondo nyarwanda;

-Kugaragaza imyambarire ikwiye mu kubyina no guseruka;

-Kugaragaza ibikoresho bikenerwa mu kubyina no guseruka.

Kuri Paji ya 15 bagaragaza imbyino z’inka n’izerekana ubwiza. Bakavuga ko imbyino nyinshi mu Rwanda rwo hambere zari zishamikiye ku kuvuga inka n’ubwiza.

Mu kubyina imbyino izwi nk’umushagiriro hakoreshwa ibice by’umubiri birimo umutwe, igihimba, amaboko ndetse n’amaguru. Kandi ushagirira wese agomba kuba yikwije, akenyeye kandi yiteye.

Umushagiriro watangiye ari imwe mu mbyino zaserukanwaga i bwami hagamijwe kwerekana kwikunda k’Umunyarwandakazi wakereye guhimbaza abo ataramiye.

Iyi mbyino ni umwihariko w’igitsina gore. Ushagirira akoresha ibice byose by’umubiri ariko akibanda cyane ku mubyimba n’amaboko, guhanika uruhanga ari nako amwenyurira abo ataramiye.

Kuri Paji ya 17 bagaruka ku mbyino izwi nk’ikimenyera: Ni imwe mu mbyino yamenyekanye cyane ikomoka mu Majyaruguru y’Iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, ahitwa mu Bigogwe (Rwankeli, Nkuli, Akanage, Kingogo).

Bitewe n’uko ako ari agace kiganjemo ubworozi bw’inka kuva mu bihe byo hambere, iyi mbyino bayiserukana barata inka, bikagaragarira no mu ndirimbo ziherekeza izo mbyino.

Ikinyemera ni imbyino iserukanwa n’ibitsina byombi bagatandukanira mu gutega maboko, mu ntambwe no buryo abagore bakoresha umwitero mu cyiciro kitwa kuvugutira inka.

Kuri paji ya 18 basobanura iby’imbyino izwi nk ‘’igishakamba’. Iyi mbyino ikomoka mu Nkore mu gihugu cy’Ubuganda. Yaje kugera mu Rwanda inyuze mu Mutara w’i Ndorwa, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Iza gusakara mu Buganza, ikwira mu gihugu hose.

Mu kubyina iyi ndirimbo abagabo baseruka bacinya ikirenge inshuro ebyiri zikurikirana ku butaka babisikanya amaguru, ukw’ibumoso n’ukw’iburyo, bakabanza gucunda amaboko bayerekeza imbere n’inyuma cyangwa iburyo n’ibumoso.

Kuri Paji ya 20 bagaruka ku mbyino y’icumu: Ni imbyino yo mu Burasirazuba, iserukanwa n’ababyeyi bateze urugori, batega amaboko azamuye hejuru bakayamanura imbere baganisha hasi bagiye gushinga icumu ryo hasi.

Mu gihe cyo gushinga icumu ryo hejuru bazamura amaboko nk’abayashibura, bagakomeza mu ntambwe zoroheje.

Iyi mbyino ifite umwihariko wo kugendera mu ntambwe bacinya ikirenge kimwe ubugira kabiri mu ruhande rumwe, mu gihe ikindi kirenge cyo gikora hasi mu buryo bworoheje cyane ari na ko bishongora bakebuka impande zombi.

Imbyino z’imyiyereko:

Ni ingeri yo guseruka yahoze ari umwihariko w’ingabo ziri mu myitozo haba ibwami, ibutware, mu ngando no ku rugerero.

Izi mbyino zirangwa n’umuhamirizo w’intore: Umuhamirizo ni imwe mu ngeri z’imyiyereko intore ziserukana. Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, kubera ko intore ari zo zatorwagamo ingabo z’igihugu, uwo mwiyereko wari ufitanye isano ya hafi n’urugamba, dore ko uhamiriza aserukana ibikoresho bikoze nka zimwe mu ntwaro gakondo mu biganza byombi (icumu, ingabo cyangwa umuheto mu gihe cyo hambere).

Mu guhamiriza hakoreshwa umutwe, igihimba, amaboko n’amaguru. Ni mu gihe Umuhamirizo ugizwe n’umutahano ndetse n’umuhamirizo nyirizana.

Kwiyereka Inkota: Uyu mwiyereko wagaragaye cyane mu Kanage na Kingogo, mu budaha no mu Marangara. Ukorwa n’abagabo bake binjira mu Ntambwe zitwa Urugege, zigendera ku njyana itangwa n’Ihembe rivuzwa. Abaseruka bose baba bitwaje inkota iri mu rwubati rubajwe mu giti (Urugero: Umusave).

Uyu mwiyereko urushaho gutangaza abawureba bwa mbere igihe umwe mu biyereka akoresheje ukuguru kw’iburyo, akubitisha igitsitsino urwubati ruri mu mugongo maze inkota yarimo ikiterera hejuru.

Kwiyereka Icumu n’Ingabo/Umuheto: Uyu mwiyereko na wo ni uw’urugamba. Abiyereka bashobora kwiyereka bamwe bafite amacumu n’ingabo, abandi bafite imiheto n’imyambi; guseruka kw’aba mbere bikitwa gutamba ingabo.

Umutwe wa Gatatu w’iki gitabo bagaruka ku ‘Imidiho’. Ijambo umudiho rikomoka ku nshinga kudiha bisobanuye kubyina ucinya ibirenge ku butaka, ubisimburanya kandi harimo n’imbaraga. Imidiho ishobora kugaragaramo ibice bitatu bikurikira, banagaruka ku kinimba cyo mu Ndorwa cyamamaye cyane, ikinimba cyo mu murera n’ibindi.

Mu gusoza iki gitabo banagaruka ku ngeri zihariye z’imbyino nk ‘’intwatwa’, imbyino yamamaye cyane kuri bamwe mu bagize umuryango nyarwanda bitwaga “Abatwa”

Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, imbyino z’intwatwa zatandukanaga bitewe n’abazibyina n’aho zibyinirwa; iz’ibwami n’iza rubanda.

Inyinshi mu mbyino z’intwatwa zigira injyana ya 5/8. Kimwe no zindi mbyino, umugabo ubyina intwatwa aseruka mu ntambwe ndende naho umugore agaseruka mu ziringaniye uretse ko muri iyi mbyino ho barushaho kwisanzura, guhimbarwa, bagatwarwa bakabigaragariza cyane mu ntambwe z’ibitego n’ibikango tutibagiwe no kunyuzamo bagatega urushara.

Mu gutegura iki gitabo hisunzwe ibindi bitabo by’abahanga barimo Mbonimana Gamaliel wafatanyije n’Inteko nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco akandika igitabo kitwa Trois siècles de musique rwandaise traditionnelle (1692 - 1952), Kigali, 2019;

Ndetse na Nkurikiyinka Jean Baptiste: Introduction à la danse rwandaise traditionelle, 2002 na G. Simpenzwe, Ingoma i Rwanda, 1992.

Iki gitabo gisohotse nyuma y’uko mu mashuri hashyizweho gahunda yo gutoza abana umuco bigishwa byinshi ku mateka, imivugo, indirimbo n’imbyino.

Iki gitabo kitezweho gufasha abatoza b'amatora atandukanye y'imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda