Vodka yateje akaga u Burusiya: Inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge zari kugabanya icyizere cyo kubaho gute mu Rwanda?

Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, avuga ko muri iki gihe igihugu gishobora kwibasirwa n’ibintu bitandukanye bidakeneye abasirikare cyangwa intwaro kugira ngo bigire ingaruka ku hazaza hacyo.

Mu byo Leta y’u Rwanda imaze gushyira imbere mu rwego rwo kurinda ubuzima n’ejo hazaza h’Abanyarwanda harimo ikibazo cy’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge, zizwi cyane nka “ibyuma”.

Minisitiri Sabin avuga ko izi nzoga zitari ikibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye gusa, ahubwo ko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku muryango, ku rubyiruko, ku musaruro w’igihugu ndetse no ku buzima bw’abaturage muri rusange.

Ni muri uwo murongo yatanze ingero z’amateka y’ibihugu byahuye n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga, ashimangira ko ikibazo cy’ibintu bisindisha n’ibiyobyabwenge gishobora kurenga kure umuntu ubinywa, kikagera ku gihugu cyose.

Iyo ikiyobyabwenge gihindutse intwaro y’igihugu

Mu mateka, Minisitiri Sabin yibukije ikibazo cy’u Bushinwa n’u Bwongereza mu kinyejana cya 19. Yavuze kuri Opium, ikiyobyabwenge cyari cyaratangiye gucuruzwa cyane mu Bushinwa, aho igice kinini cyacyo cyavaga mu Buhinde. Icyo gihe u Bushinwa bwari bukolonijwe n’u Bwongereza.

Amateka agaragaza ko ubucuruzi bwa Opium bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu makimbirane hagati y’u Bwongereza n’u Bushinwa. Abacuruzi b’Abongereza batwaraga Opium ivuye mu Buhinde bakayijyana mu Bushinwa, mu gihe ubutegetsi bw’u Bushinwa bwageragezaga guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’iki kiyobyabwenge. Ibi byagejeje ku Ntambara ya Mbere ya Opium yatangiye mu 1839, irangira mu 1842.

U Bwongereza bwatsinze iyo ntambara, nyuma yaho u Bushinwa buhatirwa kwemera amasezerano yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bwigenge bwabwo, harimo guha u Bwongereza Hong Kong no gufungura ibyambu bimwe ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga.

Ni urugero rwerekana ko ikiyobyabwenge gishobora gutangira nk’igicuruzwa, ariko ingaruka zacyo zikagera ku bukungu, ku buzima, ku mibereho y’abaturage ndetse no ku mutekano w’igihugu.

U Burusiya n’isomo rya Vodka

Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere inzoga zigaragaye nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’igihugu. Vodka ni inzoga ikomeye ikorwa mu buryo bwo gutandukanya inzoga n’amazi n’ibindi bintu mu kuyitunganya (distillation).

U Burusiya nabwo bufite amateka maremare y’ikibazo cy’inzoga, cyane cyane vodka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku Barusiya barenga 151,000 bwagaragaje isano ikomeye hagati yo kunywa vodka nyinshi n’impfu za benshi.

Abagabo banywaga vodka nyinshi cyane bagaragaje ibyago byinshi byo gupfa hagati y’imyaka 35 na 74 ugereranyije n’abanywaga nke. IARC ivuga ko ubwo bushakashatsi bwashimangiye ko vodka yari imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye z’impfu zitaragera igihe mu Barusiya.

Ikibazo cy’inzoga mu Burusiya cyageze ku rwego rwo kuba ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ‘WHO’ rivuga ko kunywa inzoga byari mu bintu by’ingenzi byatezaga impfu mu Burusiya, cyane cyane ku bagabo bari mu myaka yo gukora.

Ikindi gishimishije ni uko ubwo Burusiya bwafashe ingamba zikomeye zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inzoga, umubare w’abapfa waragabanutse, naho icyizere cyo kubaho kirazamuka.

WHO ivuga ko hagati ya 2003 na 2018, impfu zose zagabanutseho 39% ku bagabo na 36% ku bagore, mu gihe mu 2018 icyizere cyo kubaho cyageze hafi ku myaka 68 ku bagabo na 78 ku bagore.

Kuri iyi ngingo, Minisitiri Sabin ati "[...] Ndabaha nk'urugero rw'u Burusiya mu 1900 bagize icyizere cy'ubuzima cy'imyaka 50 y'abaturage bayo bavuye ku myaka 70 kubera 'Vodka' banywaga nyinshi."

None se “icyizere cyo kubaho” ni iki?

Iyo Minisitiri w’Ubuzima avuga ko inzoga zishobora kugabanya “life expectancy”, aba atavuga imyaka umuntu umwe azapfira.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, WHO, risobanura “life expectancy at birth” nk’impuzandengo y’imyaka umwana uvutse ashobora kwitega kubaho, hakurikijwe imibare y’impfu ku bantu b’ingeri zitandukanye z’imyaka n’ibitsina iriho muri icyo gihe.

Mu kubara iyo mibare, abahanga bakoresha icyo bita “life table”. Bareba umubare w’abapfa mu byiciro bitandukanye by’imyaka, bakareba amahirwe yo gukomeza kubaho uko imyaka yiyongera, hanyuma bakabikoramo imibare itanga impuzandengo y’imyaka abaturage bashobora kwitega kubaho.

Ni ukuvuga ko niba impfu z’abantu bakiri bato cyangwa abari mu myaka yo gukora ziyongera cyane kubera ibintu nk’indwara, impanuka, urugomo cyangwa kunywa inzoga nyinshi, ibyo bishobora kugira uruhare mu kumanura icyizere cyo kubaho cy’igihugu.

Rwanda: kuva kuri 46.9 kugera kuri 69.6

U Rwanda narwo rwakoze urugendo rurerure mu kuzamura icyizere cyo kubaho. Imibare ya WHO igaragaza ko “life expectancy at birth” mu Rwanda yazamutse iva ku myaka 46.9 mu 2000 igera kuri 67.5 mu 2021.

Naho imibare ya 2022 yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare, NISR, yerekana ko icyizere cyo kubaho ku Banyarwanda bose cyari imyaka 69.6; ku bagabo cyari 67.7, naho ku bagore kikaba 70.2.

Minisiteri y’Ubuzima nayo igaragaza ko icyizere cyo kubaho mu Rwanda cyazamutse kiva ku myaka 64.5 mu 2012 kigera kuri 69.6 mu 2022.

Ni muri urwo rwego Minisitiri Sabin yavuze ko Leta yarebye niba ikibazo cy’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge cyakomeza, maze kikazagira ingaruka ku rubyiruko no ku buzima bw’Abanyarwanda mu myaka iri imbere.

Minisitiri Sabin yavuze ko bashingiye ku byo babonaga mu myaka iri imbere icyizere cy'ubuzima cy'imyaka y'abanyarwanda cyari kuzamuka bitewe n'izi nzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge.

Ati "Natwe iyi 70 twari tugeze twarebaga tukabona izi nzoga nizikomeza turaza kuva ku cyizere cyo kubaho 70 tumanuke tube twagera no muri za 50. Kubera ko urubyiruko rwacu barabinywa cyane [...] Rero, inshingano yo kubarinda iba ireba sosiyete ntabwo iba ireba umuntu ufite amasezerano runaka.

Ntabwo iba ireba ngo tubijyane gahora ubanza babyumva. Buriya guhindura imyumvire y'abantu hari n'igihe bitwara imyaka myinshi cyane. Rimwe na rimwe ntinahinduke. N'abaje kutwigisha ngo ntituzakore ibyaha (hashingiwe) ku mategeko 10, na n'ubu ibyaha abantu baracyabikora, kandi insengero zabaye nyinshi."

“Ntabwo ejo iki gihugu cyazasigara mu ntoki z’abasinzi”

Minisitiri Sabin avuga ko ikibazo cy’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge kitarebwa gusa nk’ikibazo cy’umuntu ufite akamenyero ko kunywa. Ati “Inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge, nubwo hari abo zari zitunze, “zica benshi cyane kandi buhoro buhoro”.

Yavuze ko iyo umuntu w’imyaka 20 atangiye kugira ubuzima bwangijwe n’inzoga, ikibazo kiba kirenze uwo muntu kuko ari umuntu wari ukwiye kuzagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’igihugu mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.

Ni yo mpamvu yavuze ko kurinda abaturage, cyane cyane urubyiruko, bitagomba kurebwa nk’inshingano y’umuntu cyangwa urwego rumwe gusa, ahubwo ko ari inshingano ya sosiyete yose.

Mu Rwanda, ikibazo cy’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge cyageze ku rwego rwo gufatwa nk’ikibazo kigomba guhangana nacyo mu buryo bukomeye.

Minisitiri Sabin yavuze ko, nyuma yo kugerageza ubundi buryo, Leta yafashe izindi ngamba, zirimo gufunga inganda zikora izi nzoga. Yatangaje ko inganda 240 zikora “ibyuma” zimaze gufungwa mu gihugu hose.

Minisitiri, Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana yatangaje ko imyaka y’icyizere cy’ubuzima cy’abanyarwanda yari kuzagabyuka, iyo inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge zikomeza guhabwa intebe