Ahubwo yari umushinga wa siyansi wagamije kwerekana uko porogaramu ishobora kwigana no gukwirakwira. Nyuma y'igihe gito, icyo gitekerezo cyahindutse intangiriro y'ibitero bya cyber bimaze imyaka irenga 50 bibangamiye isi.
Mu 1971, umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga witwaga Bob Thomas, wakoreraga ikigo cya BBN Technologies muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yakoze porogaramu yise Creeper.
Intego ye ntiyari ugukora porogaramu mbi. Ahubwo yashakaga gusuzuma niba bishoboka ko porogaramu ishobora kwimuka iva kuri mudasobwa imwe ikajya ku yindi ikoresheje umuyoboro wa mudasobwa.
Icyo gihe internet yari itaravuka nk'uko tuyizi uyu munsi. Hari umuyoboro witwaga ARPANET, washyizweho n'Ikigo cya Leta ya Amerika gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu rwego rw'igisirikare (ARPA), ari na wo waje kuba urufatiro rwa internet y'ubu.
Bob Thomas yashyize Creeper kuri uwo muyoboro. Iyo yageraga kuri mudasobwa, ntiyangizaga dosiye cyangwa ngo yibe amakuru. Ahubwo yagaragazaga ubutumwa bugufi bwagiraga buti:
"I'm the Creeper: Catch me if you can!" ("Ndi Creeper. Niba ubishoboye, mfata!")
Porogaramu yahitaga yimukira kuri indi mudasobwa, igasiba kopi yari isigaye ku ya mbere. Ibi byatumye iba porogaramu ya mbere mu mateka yabashije kwimuka hagati ya mudasobwa binyuze ku muyoboro.
Nubwo icyo gikorwa cyari igice cy'ubushakashatsi gusa, cyagaragaje ko bishoboka ko porogaramu ishobora gukwirakwira hagati ya mudasobwa. Abahanga bahise babona ko iri koranabuhanga ryashoboraga kugira akamaro, ariko nanone rikaba ryakoreshwa nabi.
Mu rwego rwo guhagarika Creeper, undi muhanga witwaga Ray Tomlinson, ari na we wamamaje ikoreshwa ry'ikimenyetso @ muri email, yakoze porogaramu yitwa Reaper.
Reaper yakoraga nk'umuhigi wa Creeper. Yashakaga mudasobwa zayinjiyemo, igasiba Creeper aho yayisanze. Ni yo mpamvu Reaper ifatwa nk'imwe mu porogaramu za mbere zisa na antivirus.
Nyuma y'iyi mishinga ya siyansi, abandi batangiriye aho barema virusi zifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera no kwangiza mudasobwa.
Mu 1986, havutse Brain, ifatwa nka virusi ya mbere yakwirakwijwe ku rwego rw'Isi. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho haje virusi zikomeye nka ILOVEYOU, Melissa, Conficker, WannaCry na NotPetya, zangije mudasobwa za miliyoni z'abantu n'ibigo ku Isi, zitera igihombo cya miliyari z'amadolari.
Uyu munsi, virusi za mudasobwa ntizikigarukira ku kwangiza mudasobwa gusa. Hari iziba amakuru, izifunga dosiye zigataka amafaranga (ransomware), ndetse n'izifasha ba hackers kwinjira mu masosiyete, amabanki cyangwa inzego za Leta.
Inkuru ya Creeper igaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga ryinshi ritangira nk'ubushakashatsi bugamije guteza imbere ubumenyi. Icyakora, uko imyaka igenda ishira, bamwe bashobora gukoresha ibyo byavumbuwe nabi.
Virusi ya mbere ya mudasobwa ntiyari igamije gukora ibyaha, ariko ni yo yabaye intangiriro y'ubwoko bushya bw'ibibazo bya cyber bikomeje guhangayikisha isi kugeza n'ubu.
Source:BBN Technologies Archives