Mu gihe Kigali ikomeje kwigaragaza nk'umwe mu mijyi ya Afurika iri gutera imbere ku muvuduko wihuse, iri terambere rijyana n'indi sura igenda igaragara mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'abayituye: izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibiribwa ku masoko n'amafaranga y'ubukode bw'amacumbi.
Ibi bikomeje guhindura uburyo abantu babaho, bakoresha umutungo wabo ndetse n'uko batekereza ku mibereho yabo y'ejo hazaza mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, Kigali.
Urebye imiturirwa mishya igenda yubakwa, imihanda igezweho n'imishinga y'iterambere iri gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ushobora kubona ko umujyi uri mu cyerekezo cyiza. Ariko iyo urebye ubuzima bw'umuturage usanzwe, ubona ko igitutu ku bushobozi bwo kubaho muri uwo mujyi gikomeje kwiyongera.
Ni muri urwo rwego benshi batangiye kwibaza niba Kigali y'ejo izakomeza kuba umujyi ugenewe abaturage bose cyangwa niba izagenda irushaho kugaragaramo icyuho hagati y'abifite n'abatifite.
Dukurikije raporo y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) ku gipimo cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa n'izindi serivisi zikoreshwa n'abaturage mu buzima bwa buri munsi (Consumer Price Index - CPI), ibiciro muri rusange mu mijyi byazamutse hagati ya 7% na 9%, aho ubukode bw'amacumbi, ibiciro by'ingendo n'iby'ibiribwa biri mu bifite uruhare runini muri iri zamuka.
Mu rwego rw'imiturire, ubushakashatsi butandukanye bugaragaza ko Umujyi wa Kigali ukenera inzu nshya ziri hagati ya 20,000 na 25,000 buri mwaka kugira ngo ushobore kujyana n'izamuka ry'abaturage ndetse n'iterambere ryawo.
Raporo z'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Miturire n'Iterambere ry'Imijyi (UN-Habitat) zigaragaza ko Kigali ikomeje guhura n'ikibazo cy'icyuho cy'amacumbi, aho umubare w'inzu zikenewe uruta kure izubakwa buri mwaka.
Ibi bishimangirwa kandi n'isesengura ryakozwe na Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo (MININFRA) mu 2021, ryerekanye ko nubwo imishinga y'amacumbi agezweho ikomeje kwiyongera, igice kinini cyayo kigenewe abafite ubushobozi bwo hejuru.
Mu gihe amacumbi ahendutse akenewe n'abaturage benshi bafite amikoro make cyangwa aringaniye akiri make cyane, ikibazo cy'imiturire ihendutse gikomeza kuba ingorabahizi.
Impuguke mu by'iterambere ry'imijyi zivuga ko iki kibazo gishobora gukomeza kwiyongera niba nta ngamba zihamye zifatwa. Zigaragaza ko nubwo Kigali ifite isura y'umujyi utera imbere, iterambere ryayo rikwiye kujyana n'uburinganire kugira ngo ritazasiga igice kinini cy'abaturage inyuma.
Mu bushakashatsi bwe, impuguke Fred Nkubito asobanura ko uburyo imijyi itegurwa hakurikijwe imikoreshereze y'ubutaka bushobora kugira uruhare mu izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amacumbi. Iyo ubutaka bwo guturaho bugenewe ibikorwa bisaba amafaranga menshi cyangwa amabwiriza ahenze, kubaka birahenda, bityo n'ibiciro by'inzu bikazamuka.
Avuga kandi ko hari kutajyana hagati y'igenamigambi ry'umujyi n'ubushobozi bw'abaturage benshi. Ibi bituma bamwe babura amacumbi ahendutse kandi bikongera ubusumbane mu kubona aho gutura.
Ku rundi ruhande, impuguke Charlotte Niedenhoff igaragaza ko nubwo Kigali igenda igaragaza isura y'umujyi ugezweho, hari impungenge z'uko politiki z'imiturire zidashobora kugirira akamaro abaturage bose ku rugero rumwe. Asobanura ko kwibanda cyane ku isura y'umujyi wa kijyambere bishobora gutuma abaturage bafite amikoro make basigara inyuma y'iterambere.
Ibi byose byerekana ko ikibazo cy'imiturire muri Kigali atari ikibazo cy'isoko gusa, ahubwo ko gifitanye isano na politiki n'imiyoborere y'imiturire, bityo kikaba gisaba ingamba zihamye zo kongera amacumbi ahendutse kugira ngo iterambere ry'umujyi rijyane no kuzamura imibereho y'abaturage bose.
Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abaturage batandukanye bavuga ko bakomeje guhura n'ingaruka z'izamuka ry'ibiciro. Mushimiyimana Vestine, umubyeyi utuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu nzu ikodeshwa, avuga ko ubukode bwe bwazamutse ku buryo bumugora gukomeza kubaho muri uwo mujyi.
Yagize ati: "Ubukode bwanjye bwagiye buzamuka buhoro buhoro, ariko ubu bigeze ku rwego rumvuna cyane. Birangora gukomeza kubaho mu Mujyi wa Kigali kubera amafaranga nishyura buri kwezi."
Undi muturage witwa Yadufashije Alphonse avuga ko ibiciro by'ibiribwa n'ibindi bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bikomeje kuzamuka kurusha ubushobozi bw'abaturage.
Ati: "Ibiciro by'ibiribwa byagiye bizamuka, kandi ubuzima bwo muri Kigali muri rusange bwarahenze. Ubu kubona ibikenerwa bya buri munsi bisaba gutekereza kabiri, kuko amafaranga twinjiza atagihura n'ibiciro biri ku isoko."
Ku ruhande rw'abafite inzu bakodesha, bamwe bavuga ko nabo bahura n'ibibazo bituma bazamura amafaranga y'ubukode.
Umwe muri bo yagize ati: "Si uko nshaka kongera ubukode ku bushake bwanjye, ahubwo ibintu byose byarahenze. Gusana inzu, imisoro n'ibikoresho byo kuyitaho byarazamutse cyane."
Ku ruhande rwa Leta, binyuze muri Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Imiturire (RHA), hashyizweho gahunda zitandukanye zigamije kongera amacumbi no guteza imbere imiturire ibereye abaturage.
Ibi bigaragara muri Politiki y'Igihugu y'Imiturire ndetse no muri raporo zitandukanye za RHA, zigaragaza ko hashyizwe imbere guteza imbere imiturire iteguwe neza, gufasha abaturage kubona inguzanyo z'igihe kirekire zo kubaka cyangwa kugura inzu, no gukorana n'abikorera mu kubaka amacumbi ahendutse kandi agezweho.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, haracyari imbogamizi zirimo igiciro kiri hejuru cy'ubutaka, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bihenze ndetse n'ihindagurika ry'isoko ry'imiturire, bikomeza kugora ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'izo gahunda.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ibigo bitandukanye byigenga bugaragaza ko igiciro cy'ubutaka, ibikoresho byinshi bitumizwa hanze ndetse n'inyungu ziri hejuru ku nguzanyo biri mu bituma amacumbi ahendutse akomeza kuba make.
Umushakashatsi Roger Mugisha avuga kandi ko hakiri icyuho hagati y'imishinga y'amacumbi ahendutse n'ubushobozi bw'amafaranga abaturage bafite, bigatuma benshi batabasha kuyageraho.
Nk'uko UN-Habitat ibigaragaza muri raporo zayo ku iterambere ry'imijyi, izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amacumbi hamwe n'igenamigambi ridaha amahirwe abaturage bose bishobora guteza ubusumbane mu mibereho.
Ibi bituma abaturage bafite amikoro make batura kure y'aho ibikorwa by'ubukungu, imirimo n'ibikorwa remezo biherereye, bikabahatira gukora ingendo ndende kandi zihenze.
Raporo ishimangira ko umujyi urambye kandi utera imbere ari uwubakiye ku mahirwe angana ku baturage bose, yaba abakire, abaciriritse cyangwa abatishoboye.
Mu gihe Kigali ikomeje kwaguka no kwigaragaza nk'umujyi uri mu muvuduko w'iterambere, ikibazo cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amacumbi n'ibiribwa gikomeje kuba kimwe mu bihangayikishije abaturage benshi.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo no kubaka umujyi wa kijyambere bikwiye kugendana no gushaka ibisubizo bituma abaturage bo mu byiciro byose by'ubukungu babasha kuwubamo no kuwungukiramo.