Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku cyorezo cya Marburg cyagaragaye bwa mbere mu Rwanda muri 2024, busobanura ingamba zakoreshejwe mu kugikumira no kuvura abarwayi, ndetse n’amasomo yakurwamo mu gihe ibindi bihugu bya Afurika bikomeje guhura n’icyorezo cya Marburg.
U Rwanda rwatanzwe nk’urugero rw’uburyo igihugu gifite ubushobozi buke gishobora guhangana n’icyorezo cya Marburg, binyuze mu kumenya abanduye hakiri kare, kwihutisha ibizamini bya laboratwari, gukumira ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu no guhuza ibikorwa by’inzego zitandukanye.
Ibi bigaragara mu nyandiko y’ubushakashatsi yiswe “Rwanda’s lessons for strengthening Africa’s response to current Marburg virus disease outbreaks”, yasohotse mu kinyamakuru The Lancet Global Health muri Nyakanga 2026.
U Rwanda rwagize umubare w’impfu uri hasi
U Rwanda rwahuye n’icyorezo cya mbere cya Marburg muri 2024, aho habonetse abantu 66 banduye, muri bo 15 barapfuye, bivuze ko umubare w’impfu (case-fatality rate) wari hafi 23%.
Abanditsi bagaragaza ko uyu mubare wari hasi ugereranyije n’uwagaragaye mu bindi byorezo bya Marburg muri Afurika, aho muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo wari 83%, Angola 90%, Uganda 60%, naho Tanzania ari 100%.
Ikindi cyihariye ni uko muri abo bantu 66 banduye mu Rwanda, 51 bari abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima, bangana na 77% by’abanduye bose.
Gupima abanduye vuba byagize uruhare rukomeye
Raporo igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwihutishije ubushobozi bwo gupima Marburg mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.
Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2024, hashyizweho izego eshanu zihariye za laboratwari zwakoraga mu ntara zose z’igihugu, hifashishijwe n’ubushobozi bwari busanzwe buri muri laboratwari zapimaga virusi ya HIV.
Ibi byatumye ibizamini bya Marburg bikorerwa hafi y’abaturage kandi ibisubizo bikaboneka mu gihe gito, aho laboratwari zabashaga gutanga ibisubizo mu gihe kigera ku masaha 12 gusa.
Muri rusange, hagati ya tariki 25 Nzeri na 8 Ugushyingo 2024, hapimwe abantu 6,340, muri bo 66 basanganwa Marburg.
Gukorana hagati y’inzego zitandukanye
Abashakashatsi bashimye uburyo u Rwanda rwakoresheje One Health, uburyo buhuza ubuzima bw’abantu, inyamaswa n’ibidukikije mu gukumira indwara.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hakoreshejwe amakuru atandukanye kugira ngo hamenyekane inkomoko y’icyorezo, ndetse bikagaragaza ko icyorezo cyaturutse ku bwandu buva ku nyamaswa bukagera ku muntu, bifitanye isano n’ahantu hacukurwaga amabuye y’agaciro. Ibi byafashije inzego kumenya aho ikibazo cyatangiriye no gufata ingamba zo kugikumira.
Abakozi b’ubuzima n’abaturage bagize uruhare
U Rwanda kandi rwakoresheje abakozi benshi mu gukurikirana abahuye n’abanduye, gutanga amakuru no gukumira ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara. Abashinzwe ubuzima rusange n’abajyanama b’ubuzima bageze mu ngo zirenga miliyoni 1.2, bagera ku bantu barenga miliyoni 4.7 mu turere 30 tw’igihugu.
Nanone, abantu 1,710 bahawe urukingo rwa ChAd3-MARV mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi bw’urukingo bwari bwatangiye mu gihe cy’icyorezo.
Kuvura hakiri kare no gukurikirana abarwayi
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje kandi akamaro ko kumenya abarwayi hakiri kare, kubashyira mu kato igihe bikenewe, kubaha ubuvuzi bubafasha guhangana n’ibimenyetso by’indwara no gukoresha imiti yageragezwaga ku barwayi mu gihe cy’icyorezo.
Hari kandi ubushakashatsi ku bimenyetso byo muri laboratwari, birimo impinduka muri AST, ALT, creatinine, lymphocytes na platelets, bishobora gufasha abaganga gukurikirana uko umurwayi ahagaze.
Abanditsi ariko ntibavuga ko ibi bipimo byonyine bigabanya impfu; ahubwo babishyira mu rwego rw’ubundi bufasha bwo gukurikirana no kuvura abarwayi.
Ikoranabuhanga ryifashishijwe mu kurwanya ubwandu bushya
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubwandu bushya mu bitaro, u Rwanda rwakoresheje ingamba zitandukanye zirimo isuku, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, ibikoresho birinda abakozi ndetse no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya UV-C robotic disinfection.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko nyuma yo gukoresha imiti isanzwe yica udukoko, hari ibikoresho bibiri by’ubuvuzi byari bigisigaranye ibimenyetso bya virusi mu bizamini; nyuma hakoreshejwe UV-C robotic disinfection, ibyo bisigazwa ntibyongeye kuboneka.
Abakozi bihutirwa boherezwaga aho bakenewe
U Rwanda kandi rwakoresheje itsinda ry’abahanga n’abakozi b’inzego zitandukanye bashobora koherezwa ahari icyorezo mu gihe gito. Itsinda rya AVoHC-SURGE ry’abantu 75 ryari ryaratojwe kandi rishobora koherezwa mu masaha 24–48.
Abanyeshuri n’abarangije gahunda ya Rwanda Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) na bo bagize uruhare mu bikorwa birimo epidemiology, surveillance, gukurirkirana no kugenzura amakuru, gukumira ubwandu no guhuza ibikorwa.
Isomo ku bindi bihugu bya Afurika
Abanditsi b’iyi nyandiko bavuga ko ubunararibonye n’ubudasa bw’u Rwanda bugaragaza ko no mu gihugu gifite ubushobozi buke, kubaho no gukira Marburg ku bwinshi bishoboka iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo buhuza kumenya indwara hakiri kare, laboratwari, ubuvuzi, gukumira ubwandu n’imikoranire y’inzego zitandukanye.
Basaba ibindi bihugu bya Afurika gukomeza kubaka uburyo bwa One Health, kongera ubushobozi bwa laboratwari n’umutekano wazo, gutegura serivisi z’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, gukoresha neza ibipimo bifasha gukurikirana abarwayi no kugira abakozi batojwe bashobora koherezwa vuba ahari icyorezo.
Iyi nyandiko kandi ishimangira ko intsinzi y’u Rwanda mu guhangana na Marburg itagomba kurebwa nk’umusaruro w’ingamba zoroheje, ahubwo nk’igikorwa gikomeye kandi n’ibindi bihugu bigomba kwigiraho.
