Iyo raporo yiswe “Icyuho cy’ubukungu muri Afurika n’izamuka
ry’ibihe by’ubutunzi budasanzwe” ivuga ko icyuho kiri hagati y’abakire
n’abakene muri Afurika gikomeje kwiyongera ku rwego ruteye impungenge.
Mu mwaka wa 2000, nta
n’umwe mu batuye Afurika wari mu baherwe batunze miliyari y’amadolari ku isi. Ariko
ubu, imibare yerekana ko hari abaherwe 23 bafite umutungo ubarirwa hejuru ya
miliyari imwe y’amadolari. Mu myaka itanu ishize gusa, umutungo wabo
wiyongereyeho hejuru ya 50%, ugera hejuru ya miliyari 112 z’amadolari.
Ibi bisobanuye ko 5%
by’abantu bakize cyane muri Afurika bafite umutungo ubarirwa muri tiriyari 4
z’amadolari—uruta inshuro ebyiri umutungo w’abandi 95% batuye umugabane.
Ibi bigaragaza uburyo
ubutunzi bwihariwe n'abantu bake, mu gihe abandi benshi babayeho mu
bukene bukabije. N’iyo aba baherwe batanu ba mbere batanga hafi ya byose
bafite, bagasigarana 0.01% gusa, baba bagifite ubukire bwikubye inshuro 56
ugereranyije n’umuturage usanzwe wo muri Afurika.
Afurika ni umwe mu
migabane ifite icyuho kinini mu bukungu ku isi. Ibyo bikomeje gutuma ubukene
bwiyongera, ndetse n’itangira ry’amahirwe hagati y’abakire n’abakene
rirushaho kugabanya icyizere cyo kwikura mu bukene kuri benshi. Raporo ya Oxfam
ivuga ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibihugu 50 bifite ubusumbane bukabije ku isi
biherereye muri Afurika.
Ibirenze ibyo, buri bantu
10 babayeho mu bukene bukabije ku isi, barindwi baba muri Afurika. Nubwo
abaturage basanzwe barwana no kubaho, guverinoma nyinshi ntizishyira imbaraga
mu gukuraho icyo cyuho. Ahubwo, ibikenewe mu buzima nk’ubuvuzi, uburezi,
n’imfashanyo ku batishoboye bikomeje kugabanuka mu ngengo y’imari y’ibihugu.
Mu gihe abaturage
bakennye bishyuzwa imisoro nka TVA (Value Added Tax), abakire bo bagira
umusanzu muto cyane ku misoro. Afurika yakira 0.3% gusa by’umusaruro mbumbe
(GDP) binyuze mu misoro y’ubukire—iri hasi cyane ugereranyije na Aziya (0.6%),
Amerika y’Amajyepfo (0.9%) ndetse n’ibihugu bikize bya OECD (1.8%). Kandi no ku
rwego ruto yari isanzweho, iyo misoro yagabanutseho hafi 25% mu myaka 10 ishize.
Oxfam igaragaza ko
gushyiraho umusoro muto wa 1% ku mutungo n’umusoro wa 10% ku nyungu z’abaherwe
1% ba mbere, byabyara miliyari 66 z’amadolari buri mwaka. Ayo mafaranga
ashobora gutuma haboneka uburezi bufite ireme kuri bose, ndetse n’amashanyarazi
ku baturage bose ku rwego rw’umugabane.
Hari ibihugu bimaze
kugaragaza ko ibyo bishoboka. Mu bihugu nka Maroc na Afurika y’Epfo, imisoro ku
mitungo y’ubutaka yinjiza hejuru ya 1% by’umusaruro mbumbe, bikaba biri mu
bipimo byo hejuru muri Afurika.
Mu birwa bya Seychelles,
ubusumbane mu misaruro bwaragabanutse cyane. Igice cy’abaturage batishoboye
cyabonye inyungu zizamuka ku kigero cya 76% uhereye mu mwaka wa 2000, mu gihe
1% by’abakire kurusha abandi bagabanutseho bibiri bya gatatu ku mutungo
w’igihugu.
Guverinoma ya Seychelles
itanga uburezi bufite ireme ku buntu, ubuvuzi kuri bose ndetse n’inkunga ku
batishoboye, ibyo byose bigatuma abaturage bagira icyizere cyo kugera ku
iterambere.
Ubusumbane
bushingiye ku gitsina
Raporo inavuga ko
ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina nabwo bukabije muri Afurika. Abagabo bafite
ubutunzi bukubye inshuro eshatu ubw’abagore, ibi bikaba biri mu bizitira
iterambere ry’uburinganire n’ubwisanzure bw’imibereho.
Iyo ubusumbane bukabije
buherereye ku bantu bake, binagira ingaruka ku miyoborere, ubutabera
n’iterambere rusange. Igihe kirageze ngo Afurika itekereze ku buryo bwo kongera
imisoro ku bukire bukabije, no gushyira imbere inyungu rusange z’abaturage.