Mu myaka yashize, hari Abanyarwanda bavuga ko umuntu yashoboraga gutangirana ubucuruzi buto, akagenda yunguka buhoro buhoro kugeza ageze ku rwego rwo kugira umutungo ugaragara. Uyu munsi ariko, benshi mu batangira ubucuruzi bavuga ko n'iyo babonye igishoro, kubwagura biba ingorabahizi.
Ibi bituma hibazwa icyahindutse hagati y'ibihe byashize n'ubu. Ese ikibazo kiri mu micungire y'ubucuruzi, cyangwa hari impinduka zabaye ku isoko zituma ubucuruzi buto butagikura nk'uko byahoze?
Hari Abanyarwanda, by'umwihariko abageze mu zabukuru, bavuga ko mu myaka yashize umuntu yashoboraga gutangirira ku bucuruzi bworoheje cyane, akagenda abwongera kugeza abaye umukire.
Nyamabumba Sylvestre yabwiye InyaRwanda ko azi abantu batangiye bacuruza utuntu duto bazengurutsa mu ntoki, nyuma bakaza gukorera mu maduka no mu mazu y'ubucuruzi akomeye.
Yagize ati: "Hari abantu nzi batangiye ubucuruzi bworoheje cyane, harimo n'abacuruzaga bazengurutsa ibicuruzwa mu ntoki. Uko bagendaga bakura mu bucuruzi, bageze ku rwego rwo gukorera mu mazu manini. Ubu ni abantu bafite ubushobozi n'umutungo ugaragara."
Si inkuru zivugwa gusa. Hari n'abacuruzi bazwi mu Rwanda bagaragaza ko ubucuruzi buto bushobora kuba intangiriro y'ibikorwa bikomeye. Urugero ni Sina Gérard, watangiriye ku bucuruzi buto, nyuma akagenda abwagura kugeza ashinze uruganda n'ibindi bikorwa by'ishoramari.
Ibi bigaragaza ko mu bihe byashize hari abashoboraga gutangirana igishoro gito, bakagenda bagura ubucuruzi bwabo buhoro buhoro kugeza bageze ku rwego rwo gukora ibikorwa binini.
Icyakora, muri iki gihe, benshi mu batangiza imishinga mishya bavuga ko bahura n'imbogamizi zituma ubucuruzi bwabo budakura cyangwa bukarangira butamaze igihe.
Raporo y'Ingamba z'Igihugu ku Murimo (2024–2029) igaragaza ko nubwo ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bigize 99% by'ubucuruzi mu Rwanda, byinshi bikomeza kuba bito kandi bigorwa no kuramba kubera kubura igishoro gihagije, kubona isoko, ubumenyi mu micungire ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo gukora ubucuruzi kiri hejuru.
Raporo y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare (NISR) ku mibare y'ibigo by'ubucuruzi mu 2024 na yo igaragaza ko ubucuruzi bwinshi bukiri ku rwego ruto, kandi bwinshi bukorera mu rwego rutanditse. Ibi bituma kubona igishoro, kwagura ibikorwa no guhangana ku isoko bikomeza kuba imbogamizi.
Abacuruzi bato bavuga ko kimwe mu bibakomereye ari imisoro n'ibindi bisabwa ku bacuruzi batangiye.
Kwizera Daniel yabwiye InyaRwanda ko yafunguye resitora, ariko aza kuyifunga kubera ko ubucuruzi bwe bwari butarashinga imizi, mu gihe imisoro n'ibindi yakeneraga kubahiriza byari bikomeje kumuremerera.
Yagize ati "Nigeze gufungura resitora, ariko ntabwo byatinze nahise mfunga. Imisoro yari myinshi kandi ubucuruzi bwanjye butari bwashinga imizi ku buryo bwari kumfasha kubahiriza izo nshingano. Byarangiye amafaranga nari nashoyemo ahombye, kandi nari nizeye ko ngiye kwiteza imbere."
Nubwo InyaRwanda yabashije kuganira n'umwe mu bacuruzi bagize ikibazo nk'iki, imibare ya Leta igaragaza ko ikibazo cyo gukomeza no kwagura ubucuruzi kikiri imbogamizi ku bacuruzi benshi.
Ni iki cyahindutse?
Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko impinduka zishingiye ku bintu byinshi. Mu myaka yashize, isoko ryari rigifungutse ku buryo uwatangizaga ubucuruzi yabonaga abakiriya bitamugoye cyane, kandi abahanganye na we bari bake.
Uyu munsi, uwinjira ku isoko ahura n'ihangana rikomeye, kuko hari ibigo byinshi bifite igishoro kinini, uburambe n'ikoranabuhanga rihambaye. Ibi bituma ubucuruzi buto bugora kubona umwanya wo gukura.
Ikindi cyahindutse ni ikiguzi cyo gukora ubucuruzi. Ubu umucuruzi agomba gutekereza ku bukode, ikoranabuhanga, kwamamaza, gutwara ibicuruzwa, kubahiriza amategeko n'inshingano z'imisoro. Ku muntu ukiri gutangira, ibi byose bishobora kuba umutwaro ukomeye.
Hari kandi n'impinduka mu myitwarire y'abaguzi. Abakiriya b'iki gihe bashaka serivisi zihuse, ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge ndetse n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kubigeraho. Ibi bisaba ishoramari ryisumbuyeho, rikunze kugora abafite igishoro gito.
Abacuruzi bamwe bavuga kandi ko uburyo bwo kubahiriza inshingano z'imisoro bwabaye bumwe mu bibagora, cyane cyane ku batangiza ibikorwa bishya bitaragera ku nyungu zihamye.
Mu gihe igihugu gikomeje gushyira ubucuruzi mu murongo no kongera ikusanywa ry'imisoro, abacuruzi basabwa kubahiriza ibisabwa birimo kwiyandikisha, gutanga imenyekanisha ry'imisoro no gukorera mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.
Nubwo gutangira ubucuruzi bikiri imwe mu nzira Abanyarwanda benshi bahitamo mu kwihangira imirimo, kubukuza bisaba ibirenze igishoro. Uyu munsi, bisaba ubumenyi mu micungire, gusobanukirwa n'isoko, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya kugira ngo ubashe guhangana n'abandi.
Abacuruzi bato bavuga kandi ko hakenewe gukomeza gushakwa uburyo bwo kugabanya imbogamizi bahura na zo, kugira ngo babashe kwagura ibikorwa byabo no gutanga imirimo mishya.
Ibi byose bibaye mu gihe ikibazo cy'ubushomeri kigikomeje kuba imbogamizi, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko. Imibare ya NISR igaragaza ko mu 2025 ubushomeri mu bafite imyaka 16 kugeza kuri 30 bwari 14.7%, burenze ubw'abakuru.
Ni yo mpamvu guteza imbere ubucuruzi buto bikomeje gufatwa nk'imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi zo guhanga imirimo no kuzamura ubukungu, nubwo na bwo bugikomeje guhura n'imbogamizi zo kwaguka no kuramba.