Abakire n'ubutunzi bafite barabikwiye?

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Journal of Experimental Social Psychology mu mwaka wa 2020. Bushingiye ku masomo icyenda atandukanye yakorewe ku bantu 1,707, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abaturage bafata abakire mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’uko babona imyitwarire yabo mu gukoresha umutungo.

Abantu babona abakire batanga amafaranga yabo mu bikorwa by’ubugiraneza (nko gufasha abatishoboye, gushyigikira ibikorwa rusange n’imiryango itari iya Leta) nk’abantu bakoreye ubukire bwabo binyuze mu mbaraga zabo, ubuhanga ndetse no kwitanga. Aha abaturage bashyiraho “impamvu yumvikana” y’ukuntu umuntu yabaye umukire. Babafata nk’abantu b’intwari, bafite umutima ukunda abandi, kandi b’abakozi.

Shai Davidai, umwe mu banditse ubu bushakashatsi, yagize ati: “Iyo abantu babonye umukire utanga amafaranga ye mu bikorwa by’ubugiraneza, babona ko yabikoreye. Iyo ayakoresha mu buryo bw’ikirenga, babona ko yabibonye mu buryo butari ubwe.”

Ku rundi ruhande, iyo umukire agaragara ko atunze ibintu by’agaciro kadasanzwe (nko gutunga imodoka zihenze cyane, inzu zitangaje cyangwa kujya mu biruhuko bihenze ku rwego rw’ikirenga), abaturage batangira kumwibazaho. Bamufata nk’umuntu wagize amahirwe cyangwa wageze ku bukire ku mpamvu zitari iz’imbaraga cyangwa ubushobozi bwe bwite. Muri make, abantu babona ko ubwo bukire nku buba bwarabonetse mu buryo budaciye mu mucyo.

Uyu mwanzuro ushimangirwa n’inyandiko zatangajwe na Philanthropy Daily, zivuga ko hari ubwo ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza bikoreshwa nk’uburyo bwo “kwiyubakira isura nziza” aho kuba koko igikorwa gifite umutima wo gufasha. Ni nk’aho gutanga bitakiri igikorwa cy’ubugwaneza, ahubwo kikaba icyuma gifasha umukire “kugaragara neza” mu maso y’abantu.

Nubwo gutanga ari igikorwa gishimwa, abashakashatsi bibutsa ko hari igihe abaturage babifata nk’uburyo bwo guhisha ukuri kw’inkomoko y’ubukire. Umuturage ashobora kubona umukire utanga miliyoni mu bikorwa by’ubugiraneza ariko ntahitemo kumubonamo umutima mwiza, ahubwo akamubona nk’umuntu “ukina amayeri yo kwihindura mwiza”.

Ibi byerekana ko abarebwa n’ubushakashatsi batamenya gutandukanya igikorwa cyiza n’impamvu yacyo 'Charitable giving, internal attributions of wealth, and judgments of economic deservingness'. Uko bigaragara, si ibikorwa gusa bishobora guhindura isura y’umuntu ahubwo n’imigambi iba yihishe inyuma igira uruhare rukomeye mu mboni z’abantu.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imyitwarire y’abakire—cyane cyane uko bakoresha amafaranga yabo—ifite ingaruka ku buryo abaturage bababonamo. Gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo burangwa n’ubugiraneza bishobora gutuma abaturage bemera ko umukire yabikoreye, mu gihe kwishimisha birenze urugero bituma abantu bibaza inkomoko n’uburenganzira bw’uwo muntu ku mutungo afite hibazwa niba yarawurazwe n’ababyeyi cyangwa yarawukoreye.

Ibi bivuze ko umukire atagaragarira mu mibare y’amafaranga afite, ahubwo no mu myitwarire ye ya buri munsi, aho abaturage bareba uburyo yitwara ku bandi, cyane cyane abatishoboye. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imyumvire y’abantu ku butabera no ku bukire ishingira cyane ku myifatire iranga abafite amafaranga.