Umwana na nyina ni mahwi mahwi! Wari uzi ko umwana akomora ubwenge kuri nyina kurusha se?

Umuntu ajya yibaza niba hari isano iri hagati y’ubwenge abana bagira ndetse n’ubuhanga bagaragaza niba babukomora ku babyeyi cyangwa niba bivukira! Nubwo hari byinshi byabitera ariko ahanini ubwenge bw’abana, baba babukomora ku babyeyi. None se ni uwuhe mubyeyi ubigiramo uruhare cyangwa ni bose? 

Nonese hari icyo wakora mbere yo kubyara kugira ngo uzabyare umwana w’inyaryenge? Reka tubamare amatsiko. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko uturemangingo duto tuba tubitse amakuru (genes) tw’umubyeyi w’umugore ari two tugira uruhare kugira ngo umwana azavuke ari umunyabwenge, naho udukomoka ku mugabo nta ruhare na ruke tubigiramo.Abagore nibo bafite uruhare runini mu guhererekanya utu turemangingo tubitse amakuru arebana n’ubwenge k’umwana uzavuka, kubera ko izi gene zigenda kuri chromosome X kandi umugore aba afite ebyiri mu ntanga ye, mu gihe umugabo agira imwe. Ariko byongeye kuri ibi ni uko abahanga mu bya siyansi bemera ko genes z’ubwenge zavuye ku mugabo zihita zamburwa ubushobozi bwo kugira uwo mumaro.

Gusa hagati aho hari izindi genes ziri conditional ni ukuvuga zigira umumaro bitewe n’impamvu, bakeka ko zikora gusa iyo ziturutse ku mubyeyi w’umugore cyangwa mu kindi gihe iyo ziturutse ku mugabo. Gusa bakomeza kwemera ko genes zitanga ubwenge zituruka k’umugore.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu nzu z’ubushakashatsi (laboratory) bugakorerwa ku mbeba, aho bwakozwe bafata imbeba zihaka bakazongerera genes zivuye ku mbeba y’ingore izindi bazongerera izakomotse ku ngabo, ubushakashatsi, bwerekanye ko izo bongereye genes z’umubyeyi w'ingore, abana bazo baje bafite imitwe minini n’ubwonko bunini, naho izo bongereye iz’ingabo zo zagize agatwe gato n’ubwonko buto. Abashakakashatsi basanze izo genes zongerewe z’ingore mu bice 6 by’ubwonko aho, kwiga kuvuga, kurya n’imyitwarire bigenzurirwa. Ariko nta z’ingabo zabonetsemo.

Tugarutse ku bantu nanone ntabwo ari nk’imbeba ariko abashakashatsi bo muri Glasgow bageze ku bantu benshi kugira ngo barebe koko niba ibi bintu ari impamo. Mu bantu benshi bagera ku 12,2686 bari hagati y’imyaka 14 na 22 buri mwaka kuva mu 1994, basanze ibisubizo bihura n'ibyo bari bakuye ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba. Hatirengagijwe n’izindi mpamvu nk’uburyo babayeho, ubwoko (race) n’imyigire yabo. Iryo tsinda riracyavumbura ibindi bishobora kwemeza ko ubwenge buba bwaturutse k’umubyeyi w’umugore.

Gusa na none abashakashatsi babisobanura neza ko ubwenge budaturuka kuri genes gusa ahubwo ko byibura ubungana na 40% kugeza kuri 60% ari bwo umwana akomora mu muryango we, ubundi busigaye buturuka mu buzima abayemo (environment).

Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Washington bavumbuye ko ipfundo ry’amarangamutima atekanye riri hagati y’umwana na nyina ari ingenzi cyane mu gutuma ibice bimwe na bimwe by’ubwonko bikura. Nyuma yo kugenzura uburyo abana na ba nyina babanye mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi, basanze abana bagiye bahabwa ubufasha bujyanye n’amarangamutima (emotional support) kandi n’ibikenerwa kugira ngo bagire ubwenge bakabibona neza, bafite igice cy’ubwonko cyitwa hipponcampus cyarakuze ku mpuza ndengo ya 13 ugeranyije n’abana batari bari kumwe na ba nyina ku bijyanye n’amarangamutima. Hipponcampus akaba ari kamwe mu duce tw’ubwonko gafite umumaro wo gufata mu mutwe, kwiga no kugira ibisubizo bikomotse ku ihungabana (stress response).

Ipfundo riri hagati y’umubyeyi w’umugore n’umwana hatekerezwa ko ari ryo rituma umwana yumva atekanye, bikamuha gutinyuka kugenzura no kumenya ibintu bishya mu isi, no kumva yifitemo icyizere cyo kwikemurira ibibazo. Ibyongeye kuri ibi ni uko abagore bita ku bana babo cyane bakabafasha no gukemura ibibazo byabo, bibafasha kuzagera ku bushobozi bwabo.

Gusa na none nta kuntu umubyeyi w’umugabo ataba agira uruhare mu kugira ubwenge k’umwana nk'uko umugore arugira. Abashakashatsi bakomeza kwerekana ko urundi rwunge rw’izindi genes zigena imico nko kwibwira mu bitekerezo (intuitions) n’amarangamutima bishobora guturuka ku mu papa narwo ari urufunguzo rwo kugira ngo umwana agire ubwenge. Rero ba papa namwe ntimwihebe.

Src: www.independent.co.uk, www.forbes.com