Hifashishijwe uburyo bwose bushoboka, abantu birwanyeho, ndetse n’ uburenganzira bwabo. Aba, bazanye uburyo bw’ imyemerere (idini), bwabafashije kuba hamwe, ndetse banahangana n’abakoloni. Rastafari.
Mu 1930, ubwo hari abatotezwaga, bimwa uburenganzira bungana n’ubw'abandi, bari kunyura mu bihe by’ironda ry’uruhu hagati y’abirabura n’abera, byari cyo gihe kiboneye ngo abatuye mu duce tw’icyaro, ndetse dukennye, ngo bayoboke imyemerere mishya. Aha, ni muri Jamaica. Aha, hari hatangiye ikiswe Rastafari (Rastafarianism). Rwose wabyumvise neza, ni bamwe uzi nk’Abarasta.
Ibi, byatijwe umurindi n’icyagereranywa n’ubuhanuzi bwatanzwe n’uwari umwirabura w’umunyepolitiki, Marcus Garvey, wari ufite umuryango “Universal Negro Improvement Association ". Intumbero uyu muryango wari ufite, yari ukunga no guhuza abirabura, ngo bazasubizwe iwabo muri Afurika.
Gusubizwa muri Afurika, babibonaga
nko kujya mu gihugu cy’ isezerano, bavanywe aho bari barashyizwe n’ abakoloni,
mu gihe cy’ ubucakara. Aho, bahitga Babylon.
Marcus, ubuhanuzi bwe bwari bukubiye muri aya magambo y’ icyongereza “Look to Africa where a black king shall be
crowned, he shall be your Redeemer." Ugenekereje, ‘reba kuri Afurika, ubwo
umwirabura azimikwa nk’ umwami, uwo azaba ari uzabakiza (ibyaha)’.
Hadaciyeho igihe, icyabaye ubuhanuzi bwa Marcus, buba bubaye impamo. Muri Ethiopia, hahise himikwa Umwami w’ abami Haile Selassie I, ku mazina asanzwe ya Ras Tafari Makonnen. Ubwo, haba havutse imyemerere (idini) ryamenyekanye nka Rastafari, bigaragara ko ryafatiwe ku izina nyaryo rya Haile Selassie. Ubwo hafashwe izina ry’ icyubahiro rihabwa ukomeye muri Ethiopia, Ras, hanyuma bongeraho izina rye risanzwe Tafari, ubwo haboneka Rastafari.
Haile
Selassie I (Ras Tafari)
Uyu, yaje gufatwa nka Messiah w’ Abarasta (Jah Rastafari). Byizerwaga
ko Haile Selassie azabarokora, ko kandi azabasubiza ku butaka bw’ isezerano,
Afurika. Gusa, Haile yaje kwitaba Imana mu mwaka wa1975. Byari nyuma y’uko
yari akuweho n’impinduramatwara za Marxist. Gusa, byizerwa ko
azagaruka.
Nyuma y’uko habonetse uwaje gufatwa nk’imana iri mu ishusho y’umuntu mu myemerere y’ aba Rasta muri icyo gihe, haje kugaragara n’ ibikorwa byabo, ahagana mu mwaka wa 1935. Leonard P. Howell, byizerwaga ko uyu ari we watangije ishami rya mbere ry’aba Rasta muri Jamaica, ndetse akaba ari nawe mu Rasta wa mbere.
Ubwo, yaje gushyira hamwe umuryango w’ abayoboke, bageraga ku 5,000,
ahitwa; Pinnacle, St Catherine, Jamaica.
Ubutumwa bwa Leonard, bwagarukaga cyane ku ubutagatifu bwa Haile Selassie, ndetse n’ uburyo abirabura bagiye kugira ububasha
bwo kuba hejuru y’abera (abazungu), nk’ uko ariko byari bikwiye kuba. Uko
iminsi yahitaga, niko umuryango wakuraga, ndetse n’ ubutumwa busakara mihanda
yose y’ isi.
Umunyamuryango wari ufite izina
rihambaye muri Rastafari, ndetse no ku
isi muri rusange kugeza n’ ubu, kubera umuziki yaririmbye mu njyana izwi cyane
ya Reggae. Uyu ntawundi, ni Bob Marley.
Umuziki we, waje kuba uburyo bumwe bwo gusakaza inyigisho za Rastafari ku isi
hose, dore ko abirabura bari bamaze kuba benshi mu bice bitandukanye by’ isi.
Aha, hari mu myaka ya 1960-1970. Uretse umuziki wanyuze muri iyi njyana ya
Reggae, mu ijwi rya Marley, abantu bagendaga bamenyera aba Rastafari ku buryo
umusatsi wabo wabaga umeze. Abenshi, bari bafite ‘dreadlocks’ (deredi).
Muri iki gihe uko Rastafari
yatangiye, ari imyemerere y’ iyidini, ubu hari abakiyikomeyeho, kimwe n’ uko
hari ab’ iyita aba Rasta gusa ari ibyo kuba umusirimu cyangwa se gukurikira
umuco batazi icyo uvuga, ni aho waturutse. Nguko uko Abarasta (Rastafari)
babayeho.
Src: BBC.co.uk, History.com, Telegraph.co.uk, Jamaicans.com, Britannica.com
Umwanditsi:
Faridi Muhawenimana-Inyarwanda.com