Mu bihugu byinshi bya kera, tatouage yakoreshwaga mu guhana abanyabyaha, kwerekana abacakara cyangwa gushyira ikimenyetso ku bantu batifuzwaga muri sosiyete. Ese tatouage yatangiye ite, kandi yaje ite kuva ku gihano ikagera ku buhanzi buzwi ku Isi yose?
Amateka agaragaza ko tatouage ari imwe mu myitozo ya kera kurusha indi ikorwa ku mubiri w’umuntu. Abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bavuga ko ibimenyetso bya mbere bya tatouage byabonetse ku mubiri wa Ötzi the Iceman, umuntu wabayeho mbere y’imyaka irenga 5,300. Umubiri we wabonetse mu misozi ya Alps hagati y’u Butaliyani na Austria mu 1991, kandi wari ufite tatouage zirenga 60.
Abashakashatsi bemeza ko izo tatouage zishobora kuba zarakoreshwaga mu buvuzi cyangwa mu mihango y’idini, aho kuba iz’ubwiza.
Ijambo tattoo ubwaryo ryaje kumenyekana nyuma y’ingendo z’umushakashatsi w’Umwongereza Captain James Cook mu mwaka wa 1769. Ageze muri Polynesia, yumvise abaturage bakoresha ijambo “tatau”, risobanura gushushanya cyangwa gukubita uruhu. Ni ryo ryaje kuvamo ijambo “tattoo” rikoreshwa mu Cyongereza kugeza n’ubu.
Ariko mbere y’aho, ibihugu byinshi byari bisanzwe bikoresha tatouage ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Mu Bugereki bwa kera no mu Bwami bwa Roma, tatouage yakoreshwaga cyane nk’igihano. Abacakara, abagizi ba nabi ndetse n’imfungwa bashyirwagaho ibimenyetso bihoraho kugira ngo abantu bose babamenye.
Hari igihe abanyabyaha bashyirwagaho amagambo cyangwa inyuguti ku gahanga cyangwa ku maboko yabo, bigatuma batongera kwihisha muri sosiyete.
Mu Bushinwa bwa kera na bwo, tatouage yari kimwe mu bihano bizwi cyane. Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha bikomeye bashyirwagaho ibimenyetso ku maso cyangwa ku mubiri, bikabakurikirana ubuzima bwabo bwose.
Mu Buyapani, mbere y’uko tatouage iba ubuhanzi buzwi nka Irezumi, na ho yabanje gukoreshwa mu guhana abanyabyaha. Nyuma y’aho ni bwo yaje guhinduka umuco n’ubuhanzi bwo gushushanya umubiri.
Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, cyane cyane nyuma y’ingendo z’abashakashatsi b’i Burayi, tatouage yatangiye kwamamara mu basare. Benshi bashushanyaga umubiri nk’urwibutso rw’ibihugu basuye cyangwa urugendo bakoze.
Mu kinyejana cya 19 n’icya 20, tatouage yatangiye kwinjira mu muco rusange, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, yavuye ku kuba ikimenyetso cy’igihano ihinduka uburyo bwo kwerekana umuco, imyizerere, amateka y’umuntu cyangwa ubuhanzi.
Uyu munsi, abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni bafite tatouage ku bushake. Ikoreshwa n’abahanzi, abasirikare, abakinnyi ba siporo ndetse n’abaturage basanzwe nk’uburyo bwo kwerekana abo ari bo cyangwa ibintu baha agaciro.
Kuki amateka yayo atangaje?
Ikintu gitangaje ni uko ikintu cyahoze gikoreshwa mu gusuzuguza no guhana abantu ari cyo uyu munsi gifatwa nk’ubuhanzi n’uburyo bwo kwigaragaza. Ibi ni urugero rugaragaza uko umuco n’imyumvire y’abantu bishobora guhinduka uko imyaka ishira.
Tatouage ntabwo yatangiye nk’uburyo bwo kwiyereka cyangwa kwitaka. Mu bihugu byinshi bya kera, yakoreshwaga mu guhana abanyabyaha no gushyira ibimenyetso ku bacakara.
Nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, yaje guhinduka ubuhanzi n’umuco uzwi ku Isi yose. Inkuru yayo igaragaza uko ikintu gishobora guhindura ibisobanuro byacyo burundu uko amateka agenda ahinduka.
source:Smithsonian Magazine – The History of Tattoos