Ubusanzwe kugira ibyogajuru mu isanzure ni bimwe mu byo u Burusiya bushyira imbere mu kwihesha icyubahiro. Perezida Putin w’u Burusiya yari yaratangije umushinga w’icyogajuru Vostochny ukaba wari umushinga wa mbere w’ubucuruzi wari ugambiriye kubakirwa rubanda aho bari kuzajya bohereza ibyogajuru mu kirere. Gusa haje kuzamo ibibazo.
Ese ni iki cyitagenze neza
ku mushinga w’icyogajuru gito wa Perezida Vladimir Putin? Ibiro
by’abarusiya bishinzwe iperereza (SK) byatangaje ko biri kugenza ibirego 12
bifitanye isano na bumo bujura bwo muri uyu mushinga wa rutura, aho Putin awubonamo nk’ikintu kibanze ku Burusiya bitewe n’inyungu z'akataraboneka
zijyanye n’ubucuruzi.
Igifungo kingana n’imyaka 11 n’amezi 6 ni cyo kimaze
gukatirwa Yuri Khrizman wari ukuriye ikigo k’igihugu gishinzwe imyubakire Darspetsstroy.
Prof.Mark Galeotii, umurusiya w’umuhanga mu kigo kibumbiye
hamwe cy’ibwami (Rusi), yabwiye igitangazamakuru cy’Abongereza BBC, ko iyi nduru
iri muri Vostochny yashimangiye cyane ruswa iri mu buyobozi bwo hejuru bwa
nyakubahwa Yagize. Yagize ati “Ni gute wayirwanya se utabanje gushoza intambara ku
nkundwakazwa zawe? Urebye ibyo ntiyiteguye kubikora. Uku gushingira ku mishinga
minini cyane bigenda bitanga uburyo bwagutse bwo gusesagura umutungo.”
Ese ni ukubera iki
uyu mushinga Vostochny ari ingenzi ku Burusiya?
Nk'uko twatangiye tubivuga Vostochny wari umushinga wa mbere w’ubucuruzi wari ugambiriye kubakirwa rubanda aho bari kuzajya bohereza ibyogajuru mu kirere. Icyogajuru cya mbere bakaba baracyohereje mu Kwezi kwa kane 2016 na nyuma yaho nabwo baje kohereza ibindi 4. Umwanya mushya w’uyu mushinga (The vast new site) ukaba uri mu Burasirazuba aho bawujyanye kure y’imijyi kugira ngo hirindwe ibyakwangirika bitewe n’ibi bikorwa. Uyu mwanya ndetse ukaba warigeze n’ubundi kuba ahitwa Svobodny aho Abasoruviyete bajyaga barasira ibisasu byabo bya misire.Src: RT.com
Kugira ibyogajuru mu isanzure ni bimwe mu byo
u Burusiya bushyira imbere mu kwihesha icyubahiro, biturutse ahanini kubera
ukuntu ubumwe bw’abasoriviyete ari bwo bwohereje bwa mbere mu kirere cyangwa isanzure
ikiremwamuntu uwoherejweyo bwa mbere yitwaga Yuri Gagarin mu w’1961.
Ubwo Perezida Putin yasuraga uyu mushinga muri Nzeri uyu
mwaka yabwiye abari bawukuriye ko “uyu ari umushinga w'ingirakamaro w’ubwubatsi
ku gihugu cy’u Burusiya.” Vostochny ukaba ubu ubarizwa mu gaciro gasaga miliyari
300 z’amarubure (300bn roubles) amafaranga akoreshwa mu Burusiya ni ukuvuga
asaga (miliyari 4.7 z’amadorari). Nk'uko bitangazwa na raporo y’ikigo cy’Abarusiya
RIA ngo uyu mushinga wagiye ukomwa mu nkokora n’ibiciro byagiye byiyongera ndetse
n’ubukerererwe bagiye bagira.
Guteza imbere uyu mushinga ni intambwe ikomeye mu bya politiki u Burusiya bwaba bugezeho dore ko bwari bwarakomeje kugenda bwifashisha icyanya
cyo mu gihe cy’abasoriviyete (Soviet-era baikonure cosmodrome) giherereye mu gihugu
cy’abaturanyi cya Kazakisitani, mu kohereza ibyogajuru byabo kuko ari ho hari ibyangombwa
byo kohereza ibyogajuru kandi hakaba hitaruye cyane umurwa mukuru wabo ari wo
Moscow.
Kugeza na n'ubu ikigo cy’ibyogajuru kikaba kikiri kubakwa. Gusa
n'ahandi bazajya boherereza ibyogajuru haracyari kubakwa harimo ahitwa Angara hazajya
hakira cyane ibimashini biremereye, bikaba biteganyijwe ko bazahataha ku mugaragaro
mu mwaka wa 2021. Gusa na none kubera ukuntu uyu mushinga uherereye mu gace ka
kiri inyuma y’amajyambere cyangwa se gakennye biteganyijwe ko uyu mushinga uzaba
intandaro cyangwa se uzabafasha mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'ako gace.
Ushobora kwibaza uti
ni gute byaje guhinduka ibisharira kuri Vostochny?
Muri 2015 agatsiko k’abubatsi kuri iki kigo kahuye n’ibizazane by’inzara, aho bavuga ko bari bababereyemo imyenda nyuma yaho abo basinyanye kontaro bagiye bagwa mu bihombo. Bitewe n'uko igihe cyari giteganyijwe ko icyogajuru cya mbere kizaba cyaroherejwe mu mwaka wa 2015 cyarenze kikaza koherezwa gikerewe.
Ibi byatumye Perezida Putin yohereza abandi
bantu bo mu kigo cya SK kujya
gusuzuma uburyo uyu mushinga wari urimo gucungwa. Ni bwo rero baje gutahura ko harimo
ruswa yamunze uyu mushinga cyane. Ku cyumweru ni bwo Sk yagaragaje ibyavuye mu
isuzuma, igaragaza ko abayobozi 58 bakatiwe kubera ibyaha bahamijwe birimo
magendu ndetse no gukoresha nabi imyanya bari barimo.
Uwari ukuriye ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imyubakire ari we Khrizman bagaragaza ko ubujura yakoze we wenyine bwateye igihombo kingana na miliyari 5.2 z’amarubule (Amafaranga akoreshwa mu Burusiya). Aho we n’abandi bari bashinzwe ku kigenzura benshi bashyizwe muri gereza muri 2018. Umwana we w’umuhungu nawe yakatiwe imyaka 5 n’igice. Uwari ushinzwe gucunga amafaranga (comptable) we Vladimir Ashkhmin nawe akaba yarakatiwe imyaka 7. Uwari Perezidente w’inama y’akarere Khabarosk ari we Vickitor Chudov yakatiwe imyaka 6.
Nk'uko ikinyamakuru cy’Abarusiya (Russian business daily) kibitangaza hagendewe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko iyi ngengo y’imari yanyerezwaga hifashishijwe abakozi ba baringa ndetse no guhimba umushahara w’abakozi n’ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho babinyujije mu kumvikana kw’ikoreshwa ry’ibihimbano n'abo basinyanye amakontaro. Ikindi ni uko aho byari biteganyijwe ko hazajya hohererezwa ibyogajuru bahakoresheje beto zitujuje ubuziranenge bikaba byaragaragaye ko bizabasaba kongera kuhasana.
Umushinga wa Vastochny urimo guteza ikibazo nyuma yo kuvugwamo ruswa
Usibye iyi hururu hururu, Vastochny iracyari kugenzurwa na
Dmitry Rogozin, umukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe ibyogajuru Roscosmos. Nk'uko Prof
Galeotti yatangarije BBC yavuze ko nubwo Roscosmos ari we mukuru w’ikigo
gishinzwe ibyogajuru ndetse akaba n’inshuti ya hafi ya Putin gusa ngo we ntari muri
ba magara ba Perezida Putin bagize ihuriro ry’abamufasha”.
‘Ama miliyoni akomeje
kwibwa’
Mu nama yahuje abakuru ba Guverinoma ku wa 11 Ugushyingo Putin yavuze arakaye kubera ruswa ikomeje kuvuza ubuhuha muri Vostochny ati”Inshuro nyinshi abantu bagiye babwirwa ngo bakorere mu mucyo ariko bakanangira, none na n'ubu ama miliyoni n’amaliyoni y’igihugu aracyibwa”. Nyuma yaho umuvugizi we Dmitry Peskov yasobanuye ko ibyabaye, byabaye ku babanje kugenzura uyu mushinga atari abari ho ubu.
Akomeza avuga ko miliyari 11 z'amarubure zanyerejwe, muri izo 3.5 zabashije kugaruzwa. Nkuko Prof.Mark Galeotii, umurusiya w’umuhanga mu kigo kibumbiye hamwe cy’ibwami (Rusi), yabitangaje agira ati“Kubura gukorera mu mucyo ni kimwe mu byakomeje kugenda biranga imishinga minini ya leta”.
Perezida Putin yifuzaga ko Vostochny yagaragara cyangwa se yaba umushinga
uhiga iyindi ku isi gusa na n'ubu akeneye inkuru nziza zijyanye n'uwo
mushinga, ntakeneye kumva ibibazo biwuvugwaho. Kubera ukuntu atari gushyira
amahame ya sisiteme ye mu buryo bugezweho ibi ashaka nabyo ntibihagije
kugira ngo acogoze ikibazo kiri muri sisiteme. Yavuze ko ibibazo aba soriviyete
bagiye bahura nabyo mu mishinga yabo byaturukaga ku gusesagura imitungo yabo, umushinga
uzwi cyane ni umushinga w’inzovu.
Ibindi bihugu nk’u Bushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
bikomeje gucungira hafi kugira ngo bibashe gukorana ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi na
Roscosmos, bihereza agaciro ubuhanga icyo kigo mu byerekeye ibyogajuru ndetse
n’ubundi buhanga buhanitse bwacyo. Gusa abandi bakinnyi bo mu isanzure nka
Elpon Musk’s spaceX, baracyari gukoma mu nkokora u Burusiya mu ihangana ryabwo.
Src: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50462431
Umwanditsi:Niyibizi Honoré Déogratias-inyarwanda.com
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