Imitwe y’iterabwoba: Islamic State, Taliban, Al-Shabaab na Boko Haram imitwe yishe abantu ibihumbi bazira akarengana

Ukuri ni uko ibikorwa by’ ubwihebe n’ iterabwoba byahozeho no mu mateka ya kare. Gusa, byemezwa n’ impuguke zitari nke ko ikinyejana cya 20 cyabaye umuhamya w’ ihinduka ry’ imikorere y’ibi bikorwa.

Aha, higanjemo ikoreshwa ry’ ikoranabuhanga, ibiturika byikoresheje, ndetse n’ ibindi byagendanye n’ igihe. Ibyo byose, byahaye aba baterabwoba n’ abihebe umwanya wo kwagura aho bakorera ibitero n’ ingano y’ abo bihitana. Uwavuga ko intego zabo bagiye bazigeraho, ntiyaba abeshye.

Imibare dukesha urubuga Our World in Data, igaragaza ko mu myaka icumi ishize, ibi bikorwa byahitanaga abantu bagera ku 21,000 buri mwaka mu Isi hose.

Islamic State—ISIS 

Reka tuvuge ku myaka ya vuba aha. Mu 2017, umutwe w’ iterabwoba uzwi nka Islamic State (ISIS), wahitanye abantu 4,350. Ni umutwe ukunze gukoresha ibiturika—ibisasu—cyane. Byibuza 69% y’ ibitero bya ISIS byakoresheje ibiturika mu mwaka wa 2017. Muri uyu mwaka, ISIS yasaga nk’ aho yagabanyije ubukana bwayo, kuko mu 2016 yari yahitanye abarenga 9,000. Ubwo abapfaga mu bitero bya ISIS bavuye ku kigero cya 8 muri 2016, bagera kuri 4.9 mu 2017.

Taliban

Muri uwo mwaka kandi (2017), Taliban nayo yari yivuganye abantu 3,571. Byagaragajwe ko uyu mutwe wari wiganje mu ntara za Afghanistan ku kigero cya 70%. Uyu mwaka (2017) wonyine, Taliban yagabye ibitero 699, aribyo byahitanye 3,571.

Uyu mutwe utoroshye habe na gake, ntabwo uzwiho guhita abatitwaje intwaro gusa, kuko n’ abari mu nzego z’ umutekano urabahitana. Mu 2017, abapolisi n’ abasirikari 2,419 barishwe. Imibare yiyongereye ugereranyije n’ umwaka wabanje (2016), aho hari hishwe 1,782. Ni nako ibitero by’ uyu mutwe byavuye kuri 369 (2016), bigera kuri 386 (2017).    

Al-Shabaab

Mu bice byo munsi y’ Ubutayu bwa Sahara, ni byo ahanini byashegeshwe n’ uyu mutwe mu mwaka wa 2017. Mu ibi bice, haguyemo abantu 1,457, bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) muri abo, baguye muri Mogadishu umujyi wa Somali.

Ibitero by’ uyu mwaka, byazamutse ku kigero cya 93% ugereranyije n’ umwaka wari wawubanjirije (2016).

Boko Haram

Umutwe w’ iterabwoba ufite inkomoko ku mugabane wa Afurika, mu gihugu cya Nigeria. Uyu kandi umutwe uzwi no kwizina—Jama’tu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad.

Book Haram mu 2017 yagabye ibitero byazamutse ku kigero cya 40% ugereranyije n’ umwaka wa 2016, ndetse n’ ipfu ziyongera kuri 15%. Ibi, ni ibitero ahanini byiganje mu gace ka Borono muri Nigeria. Muri uyu mwaka gusa, Boko Haram yahitanye abantu 1,254.

Ni muri uyu mwaka wa 2017, imibare igaragaza ko imfu zabayeho, 95% muri zo zabereye muri Afurika, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ndetse no mu majyepfo y’ Asia.

Mu mibare dukesha urubuga statista, yerekana ko umwaka wa 2017 ibikorwa by’ iterabwoba n’ ubwihebe byahitanye abantu 18,753 mu Isi hose. Iki giteranyo, cyari hafi kwikuba kabiri mu mwaka wa 2018, aho imibare y’ uru rubuga yerekana ko hapfuye abantu 32,836.

Amakuru yandi wamenya kuri iyi ngingo

• Umubare w’ ibitero muri Iraq mu 2018 ni 765

• Mu kititwa Global Terrorism Index gutegurwa na Institute for Economic and Peace (2019), gishyira ku mwanya wambere igihu cya Afghanistan, n’ igihu kiberamo ibikorwa by’ iterabwoba n’ ubwohebe cyane mu isi, ndetse kikaba gihura n’ingaruka zabyo cyane. Gikurikirwa na Iraq, Nigeria, Syria na Pakistan.

• Nanone, Afghanistan iza nk’ Igihugu cyambere cyapfushije abantu benshi mu 2018. Imfu muri iki gihugu zari ku kigero cya 46%. 

• Mu 2018, ibihugu byabereyemo ibitero byinshi 5 bibanza harimo: Afghanistan (1,294), Syria (871), Iraq (765), Ubuhinde (671), Nigeria (546).

Src: Britannica, Statista, Jewish Virtual Library, CNN, Forbes, Our World in Data.