Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ikomeje bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze umugambi w’itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ibikorwa bikurikira ni ibyabaye ku matariki ya 22-29 Gashyantare, 1991-1994.
1. Iyemezwa ryo gushinga Ishyaka ry’abahezanguni ryiswe CDR
Ishyaka ryiyise Coalition pour la défense de la République (CDR) ryagize uruhare runini cyane mu bukangurambaga bwa Jenoside, haba mu kuyitegura no gushishikariza Abahutu gushyira hamwe bakica Abatutsi. Igitekerezo cyo gushinga CDR cyatangiriye mu nama zitandukanye zabereye mu yari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Nyakinama, zateranye ku wa 22 Ukuboza 1991, ku wa 5 Mutarama 1992 no ku wa 17 Mutarama 1992.
Izi nama zahuje Agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu
b’intiti bakoraga mu buyobozi bw’inzego zitandukanye za Leta bakomokaga muri
Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, bari bahujwe n’urwango ku Batutsi. Aka
gatsiko kiyise Cercle des Républicains
Progressistes kari kayobowe na Charles Ndereyehe Ntahontuye wakomokaga muri
Komini Cyabingo muri Ruhengeri, akaba yari Umuyobozi mukuru w’umushinga wo guteza
imbere ubuhinzi muri Gikongoro (PDAG = Projet de dévéloppement agricole de
Gikongoro).
Ku itariki 22/02/1992, inama yo kwemeza ishingwa rya CDR yateraniye muri Hotel Village Urugwiro i Kigali ihuza abantu icumi b’intagondwa batangaza ku mugaragaro ko bashinze Ishyaka rya «Coalition pour la Défense de la République (CDR)» mu gifransa naho mu kinyarwanda baryita «Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika». Abo bantu ba mbere bashinze CDR muri iyo nama ni : Bucyana Martin, Nahimana Théoneste, Misago Rutegesha Antoine, Mugimba Jean Baptiste, Uwamariya Béatrice, Higiro Céléstin, Nzaramba Céléstin, Akimanizanye Emmanuel, Hitimama Athanase na Simbizi Stanislas. Aba bantu bazahora bibukirwa ku bugome ndengakamere Ishyaka bashinze ryakoreye u Rwanda muri Jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994.
2. Marcel DEBARGE, Minisitiri w’ubutwererane w’Ubufaransa
yasabye ko abatavuga rumwe na Perezida Habyarimana bihuriza hamwe mu kurwanya
FPR
Tariki ya 23 Gashyantare 1993, Ubufaransa bwohereje mu Rwanda Minisitiri
wabwo ushinzwe ubutwererane, Marcel DEBARGE. Mu ruzinduko rwe yahuye na
Perezida HABYARIMANA ndetse n’abahagarariye amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na
Habyarimana abasaba ko bareka guhangana na Habyarimana ahubwo bakishyira hamwe
bagahuza imbaraga, bagafatanya kurwanya FPR.
Ubu butumwa bwatanzwe na Minisitiri
w’Umufaransa bwatumye abahezanguni b’Abahutu bari mu butegetsi bw’u Rwanda bumva
ko Ubufaransa bubashyigikiye bakomeza gutegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya
Jenoside, birengagiza inzira izo ari zo zose z’amahoro zashakirwamo ibisubizo.
Kuri uwo munsi nyirizina hasabwe ko abatavuga
rumwe na HABYARIMANA bihuza na we bagafatanya kurwanya FPR, ubwicanyi bwibasiye
Abatutsi ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa by’urugomo byabaye mu bice byinshi by’Umujyi
wa Kigali bituma abaturage bava mu ngo zabo bahungira kuri MINUAR. Nayo ubwo
yahise ifungura ahantu habiri ho kubakirira, hamwe iruhande rwa Stade Amahoro,
ahandi i Gikondo kuri MAGERWA.
3.
Itsinda ry’abaturage
b’Abafaransa ryamaganye uruhare rwa Leta yabo mu gushyigikira abicanyi ba Leta
y’u Rwanda
Kuwa 23 Gashyantare 1993, ihuriro ry’Abafaransa baba mu mahanga,
bagejeje ku ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’Ubufransa ryayoborwaga na Perezida Francois
Mitterrand, inyandiko yamagana inkunga y’Ubufaransa ku butegetsi bw’abicanyi
bwari mu Rwanda. Babyanditse muri aya magambo : « (…) mu Rwanda hari umuriro n’amaraso bitigeze bibaho. Imiryango
mpuzamahanga yavumbuye ibyobo byinshi bijugunywamo abantu, bikaba byarabaye
akamenyero k’iyo Leta. Interahamwe za Jenerali Habyarimana zongeye kwica
Abatutsi, kandi ntizibiryozwa. (…) ku bw’ibyo rero, ubufasha bw’Ubufaransa mu
bya gisirikare ntibushobora guhagarika ubwicanyi cyangwa kugarura amahoro mu
karere. Ikibabaje kandi, biragaragara kuri ubu ko ubufasha bw’Ubufaransa butuma
Habyarimana ategeka biriya bikorwa byose bibi ashyigikiwe kandi anarinzwe n’amahanga ».
Kuri iyi tariki ya 23 Gashyantare 1993, ishyaka
ry’abaharanira Repubulika (Parti Républicain français), naryo ryasohoye
itangazo ryamagana uruhare rw’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda : « Ishyaka ry’abaharanira Repubulika ritewe impungenge n’ubutumwa bushobora
kugaragara nk’ubwa politiki bwahawe ingabo z’Abafaransa, rihangayikishijwe
by’umwihariko n’uburyo Guverinoma y’Ubufaransa
yihatira kohereza umunsi ku wundi
amatsinda menshi y’abasirikare […] Ishyaka ry’abaharanira Repubulika
riraburira Guverinoma y’ubufaransa ko gufasha no gushyigikira ubutegetsi
butubahiriza demokarasi, bikozwe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bishobira kwangiza
isura y’Ubufaransa muri Afurika ».
Kuwa 28 Gashyantare 1993, ubunyamabanga mpuzamahanga bw’ishyaka rya gisosiyalisiti (Parti Socialiste) bwagejeje ku biro ntaramakuru by’Abafaransa AFP, inyandiko yashyizweho umukono na Gérard Fuchs rinenga inkunga ya gisilikare Ubufransa bwateraga u Rwanda: « Ndibaza byinshi ku mwanzuro wo kohereza abandi basirikare mu Rwanda, mu gihe ibikorwa bya Habyarimana byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu bidasiba kwiyongera. Ndizera ko Minisitiri wacu w’ubutwererane azabona i Kigali impamvu zifatika zo koherezayo abasirikare b’Abafaransa, kuri ubu bigaragara nk’ubufasha ku butegetsi bw’igitugu buri mugihirahiro cyangwa se ubwo bigahagarikwa ».
4.
Abanyapolitiki bakomeye
b’Abafaransa bitandukanyije na politiki y’Ubufaransa yo gushyigikira u Rwanda
Mu nyandiko yandikiwe perezida
Mitterrand ku wa 23 Gashyantare 1993,
abahoze ari ba Minisitiri babiri, Michel Rocard wabaye Minisitiri w’intebe na
Pierre Joxe wabaye Minisitiri w’ingabo bagaragaje ku mugaragaro ko
badashyigikiye politiki y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda. Mu magambo yeruye, Minisitiri
Joxe yagaragaje kwifata kwe ku bijyanye na politiki y’Ubufaransa mu
Rwanda : « Ndibaza byinshi ku bijyanye
n’aho duhagaze mu Rwanda ndetse n’icyo bimaze kuba abasirikare bacu 690
bakoherezwayo ; kubera ko kuri ubu abasirikare b’u Rwanda ntibakirwana.
[…] ku bwa Habyarimana, kohereza indi mitwe ibiri y’ingabo, nyuma y’indi
myigaragamyo yamagana kumushyigikira kwacu, byatuma yumva ko kuri ubu ari we
mutegetsi ushyigikiwe cyane n’Ubufaransa muri Afurika. Ntabwo rero ariyo nzira
iboneye yo gutuma afata ibyemezo bikenewe. Ariko niwe bigomba kubazwa kubera
ubuhezanguni bwe muri politiki ndetse n’ubushobozi bwe buke mu gutegura ingabo
ze. FPR iramutse yongeye gukaza umurego, nyuma y’amasaha make nubndi
abasirikare bacu bakwisanga barwana na yo. Inzira ikomeye yonyine isigaye yo
kumushyiraho igitutu,ukuyemo ubufasha muburyo butaziguye,njye ndabona yaba
ukutongera kubyivangamo ».
Ibi birerekana ko Abafransa bose,
barimo na bamwe mu bari mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihugu, atari ko
bemeranyaga na Perezida Mitterrand ku nkunga yateraga Leta y’u Rwanda mu bya
gisilikare, politiki, amafranga no mu rwego rwa diplomasi, bakaba bakwiye
kubishimirwa.
5.
Ishingwa rya Hutu Power mu mashyaka ya MRND, MDR, PSD
na PL
Ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1994, habaye inama ikomeye y’abayobozi b’Interahamwe
iyobowe na perezida wazo ku rwego rw’igihugu, KAJUGA Robert ; hafatiwemo
umwanzuro wo gukebura Interahamwe zose ko zigomba kwitondera Abatutsi, cyane
cyane abo mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuko bo lisiti zabo zari zihari no kwitegura
gutangira ibikorwa igihe icyo ari cyo
cyose bakoresheje intwaro zikomeye cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Undi mwanzuro wari
uwo gukorana n’impuzamugambi za CDR n’abandi banyamuryango ba Hutu power bo mu
mashyaka akomeye y’icyo gihe nka MDR,PSD na PL. Uku guhuza ingufu byaje
byiyongera ku ngufu z’amashyaka yari mu
kwaha kwa MRND ari yo PECO (ishyaka ryita kubidukikije), PDI (Ishyaka rya
Kiyisilamu riharanira demokarasi), PADER (ishyaka nyarwanda riharanira
demokarasi), RTD (Ihuriro ry’abakozi baharanira demokarasi),MFBP (Muvoma
y’abagore na rubanda rugufi),na PPJR (ishyaka riharanira iterambere
ry’urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda).
Kuri iyi tariki, Ishyirahamwe
ry’Abakorerabushake b’Amahoro, (AVP), umuryango nyarwanda uharanira
uburenganzira bwa muntu ryasohoye itangazo ryamagana ko hari umugambi
w’ubwicanyi, kubiba urwango kwakorwaga na radiyo RTLM. Ryanakoze urtonde
rw’abahitanywe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo byakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe,
cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali rinahamagarira MINUAR guhagarika ubwo bwicanyi
bwakorwaga na Leta.
Tariki ya 27/2/1994, kuri hoteli
Rebero L’Horizon habereye inama yahuje abayobozi b’Interahamwe, yitabirwa na
Michel Bagaragaza, Joseph Nzirorera, Augustin Ngirabatware, Claver Mvuyekure,
Pasteur Musabe, Seraphin Rwabukumba na Kajuga Robert. Iyo nama yemeje ko bagiye
gushaka amafaranga yo gushyigikira Umutwe ugomba gutsemba Abatutsi.
6.
Gukomeza kugura intwaro binyuranyije
n’icyemezo cya ONU
Kuwa 27 Gashyantare 1994, inyandiko
yo mu biro by’ubutasi bw’ububiligi yagaragazaga uruhererekane rw’intwaro
zigenewe ingabo z’u Rwanda n’Interahamwe, hirengagijwe ikomanyirizwa ry’intwaro
u Rwanda rwari rwarashyiriweho n’akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi. Amakuru
agaragaza ko izo ntwaro u rwanda rwari rwaraziguze na UNITA (Inyeshyamba zo
muri Angola), zigacishwa mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kamina muri Repubulika
iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC), icyo gihe yitwaga Zaîre, nyuma zikazanwa
ku kibuga cy’indege cya Goma nyuma zigashyikirizwa ingabo z’u Rwanda ziciye
kumupaka wa Gisenyi. Mub’ukuri muburyo butandukanye bunyuranyije n’amategeko,
intwaro zakoreshejwe mu gukora Jenoside, zakomeje guhabwa abicanyi nubwo MINUAR
yari ihari kandi n’izo nzira zacishwagamo intwaro rwihishwa zizwi n’ibihugu
bikomeye by’Uburayi na Amerika.
Kuri uyu munsi kandi, Jenerali DALLAIRE yongeye gusaba ububasha bwo gufatira intwaro agaragaza impungenge zikomeye z’intambara y’abaturage. LONI yamwibukije ko inshingano ze zagarukiraga gusa ku kugenzura ishyirwaho ry’inzego z’inzibacyuho. Hagati ya tariki 25-28 Gashyantare 1994, ibikorwa byeruye by’urugomo byibasiye Abatutsi byatumye bahungira mu nsengero no ku bakozi ba MINUAR. Ni muri urwo rwego MINUAR yafunguye ahantu 2 ho kubakira, iruhande rwa Sitade AMAHORO, no mu bubiko bwa MAGERWA i Gikondo.
7. Igurwa rya toni 581 z’imihoro yakoreshejwe muri
Jenoside
Muri
Gashyantare 1994, umukozi wa sosiyete CHILLINGTON yemeje ko isosiyete yabo yari
imaze kugurisha u Rwanda mu mezi make, imihoro myinshi iruta kure ubwinshi iyo
bari baratumije mu mwaka wose wa 1993. Impapuro zisaba impushya zo kuzana
ibintu mgihugu zasuzumwe na Human Rights Watch hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na
Werurwe 1994, zigaragaza ko toni 581 z’imihoro zinjijwe mu Rwanda. Iyo mihoro
yatumijwe yose hamwe kugiciro cya miliyoni 95 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yatanzwe
n’umunyemali KABUGA Félicien.
Ikinyamakuru
cyo mu Bwongereza, The Sunday Times, cyo
kuwa 24 Ugushyingo 1996, cyagaragaje ko hagati ya Kanama n’Ukuboza 1993,
Sosiyete CHILLINGTON yagurishije imihoro 1600 ku bakozi babiri ba RWANDEX, Eugène
Mbarushimana na François BURASA. Mbarushimana wari umukozi wa RWANDEX yari
umukwe wa KABUGA ndetse ari n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’Interahamwe ku rwego
rw’igihugu. Naho Burasa we yari yarasezerewe mugisirikare ari n’umunyamuryango
w’ishyaka ry’abahezanguni b’Abahutu, CDR, akaba na mwenenyina wa Jean-Bosco
BARAYAGWIZA, umwe mubayobozi bakuru b’iryo shyaka. Kugura n gukwirakwiza
imihoro kubaturage b’abasivili bari barahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare byari biri
muri gahunda yo kwirwanaho kwa gisivili (auto-defense civile) yagaragaye muri
ajenda ya Bagosora. Hari handitswe ko bamwe mu banyamuryango b’iyi gahunda
bagombaga kubona imbunda abandi bakabona intwaro zoroheje zirimo n’imihoro.
TANGA IGITECYEREZO