Ishuri ni inzozi kuri bo! Menya byinshi ku buzima butangaje bw’abantu baba mu mashyamba ya Nigeria

Ubuzima aba bantu babayemo ni nk’ubw’abakurambere babo babagaho. Bagira imico yihariye itandukanye cyane n’imico y’abantu bataba mu mashyamba. Ibyo kurya byabo, imiti bakoresha bivura indwara zitandukanye n’ibyo kwambara byose babikura mu biti byo mu mashyamba babamo. N’ubwo bimeze bitya, usanga uko imyaka igenda ishira, bamwe muri aba bantu bagenda bagira imico ijya gusa n’iy’abandi bantu bataba mu ishyamba.

ESE ABANA BABO BAJYA KU ISHURI?

Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo kujya ku ishuri, akiga, agahabwa ubumenyi butandukanye bumufasha gufunguka mu mutwe ndetse n’uburere mboneragihugu.  Gusa aba bana bibera mu mashyamba ntibajya babona aya mahirwe yo kujya ku ishuri. Ahubwo, biga ku mashyamba, bigishwa n’ababyeyi babo ndetse n’abandi bantu babana muri iyo sosiyete.

Bigishwa kubaho ubuzima bwo mu ishyamba, bigishwa guhiga,kuroba,ndetse biga ibihingwa by’amoko atandukanye bishobora kuvamo imiti n’ibyo kurya. Akenshi usanga aba bana bazi byinshi ku mashyamba kurusha cyane abashakashatsi n’inzobere zize ibijyanye n’amashyamba igihe kirekire.

WAKWIBAZA ICYO ABA BANTU BARYA

Uretse guhiga, gusoroma imbuto no kuroba, aba bantu bavukiye kandi batuye mu mashyamba ya Nigeria banahinga uturima dutoduto mu rwego rwo gushaka ibyo kurya. Gusa uburyo bakoramo ubuhinzi bwabo butandukanye n’ubwo dusanzwe tumenyereye.  Mbere na mbere, bareba agace gato k’ubutaka bakagasukura, bakagatwika, bagateraho ubwoko bw’ibihingwa butandukanye bazakoresha barya cyangwa bakuramo imiti.

Nyuma y’imyaka mike,ubutaka ntibuba bwatuma hari ibindi bihingwa byakwera aho ngaho. Iyo bigenze bityo, aba bantu barimuka, bakajya gushaka akandi gace, bakagakorera isuku, bakagatwika, bagahingaho ibindi bihingwa gutyogutyo. Ubu buryo bwo guhinga abantu bimuka bukoreshwa n’abantu baba mu mashyamba kuko ari ho haba hari ubutaka buhagije.

ESE AYA MASHYAMBA AFITIYE AKAMARO ABAYABAMO MU BUHE BURYO?

Ba nyir’ubwite (abatuye muri aya mashyamba), bivugira ko amashyamba babamo yabarinze, akanabaha icyo ari cyo cyose bari bakeneye. Babaho ubuzima bwitwa “sustainable existence” mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, bivuze ko bakoresha ubutaka batabangamiye ibimera n’inyamaswa. Aba bantu kandi bahamya ko ishyamba ari iwabo.

ESE ABA BANTU BAKUNZE GUHURA N’IBIHE BIBAZO?

Mu myaka 50 ishize, ubwo abanyanyaburayi batangiraga gukoroneza Nigeria, aba bantu baba mu mashyamba batangiye guhura n’ibibazo bitandukanye nko kubura ubuzima,ndetse no kwamburwa ubutaka bwabo. Si ibyo gusa kandi kuko umwe mu bakoroni icyo gihe yazanye indwara nka small pox na measles. 

Ibi byose byatumye 90% by’abari batuye mu mashyamba bapfa bazize izi ndwara. Kuva icyo gihe, aba bantu bakomeje guhura n’ibibazo nko kwicwa, kwimurwa ku ngufu ndetse no gukoreshwa imirimo y’ubucakara nko gukoreshwa mu birombe no mu mirima y’ibisheke (sugar plantations).

N’ubwo aba bantu babaye mu mashyamba imyaka myinshi, ubutaka batuyeho si ubwabo kuko ntibubanditseho. Bityo, leta ndetse n’abandi bo hanze y’amashyamba ntibajya baha agahenge abatuye muri aya mashyamba. Ibi bituma bahora bimuka, bajya mu tundi duce, rimwe na rimwe bakajya mu mijyi ituwe cyane. 

Akenshi babaho mu bukene kuko nta bumenyi buhagije baba bafite bwabafasha kuba muri iyo mijyi. Urugero: baba basanzwe bazi gusoroma imbuto kuruta uko bajya guhaha ibyo kurya mu isoko. Ibaze uramutse utegetswe kujya mu kindi gihugu aho utazi ikintu na kimwe cyaho?

NI IKI ABA BANTU BARI GUKORA NGO BASUBIRANE UBUTAKA BWABO?

Aba bantu bavukiye kandi batuye muri aya mashyamba, batangiye kujya barwanirira ubutaka bwabo biciye mu mucyo no mu buyobozi. Gusa ibi bishobora gutuma bashimutwa cyangwa bakahasiga ubuzima ariko bazi neza ko baramutse batagize icyo bakora, ubutaka bwabo ndetse n’umuco wabo byazazimira burundu.

ESE DUKWIYE GUHAGURUKA TUKIFATANYA N’ABA BANTU GUHARANIRA UBURENANZIRA BWABO?

Icya mbere, aba na bo ni abantu, bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho kubera ko tugomba kwemera, kwakira no kwishimira ko batandukanye natwe. Ikindi kandi, aba bantu baba mu mashyamba baba bafite amakuru menshi kandi y’ingenzi yerekeye ubuzima bwo mu ishyamba ku buryo aya makuru utayasanga ahandi aho ari ho hose.  Ni yo mpamvu bakwiye guhabwa uburenganzira bwabo, aho guhohoterwa no gutotezwa.

Ng’ayo nguko! Ng’ubwo ubuzima bw’abantu baba mu mashyamba ya Nigeria.

Umwanditsi: Joselyne Mucunguzi-InyaRwanda.com