Covid-19: Icyorezo kirasiga imibare y’abashonje n’abakennye yiyongera mu bice byinshi by’isi

Mu mpera za 2019 ni bwo coronavirus yagaragaye mu gihugu cy’ u Bushinwa. Inzego nk’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS), zemeza ko icyorezo ari ikibazo cy’isi yose. Kugeza kuri uyu munsi, covid-19 yanduwe n’ abantu babarirwa hejuru ya miliyoni 12 mu Isi hose, ndetse n’ abarenga ibihumbi 500 bamaze kwicwa n’ iki cyorezo kitamaze amazi arenze 7.

Covid-19 ntabwo yabaye imbarutso y’ ubukene cyangwa se inzara mu Isi, ahubwo yarushijeho kongera ubukana bw’ iki kibazo. Bitewe n’ uko indwara yandura inyuze mu mwuka, amatembabuzi…mbega umuntu ashobora kuba yayanduza abandi, inzego z’ Ubuzima, ndetse n’ ubutegetsi bwite bw’ ibihugu, byahisemo ko hashyirwaho ingamba zikakaye zo guhangana na covid-19.

Guma murugo (lockdown) iza ku isonga. Ifungwa ry’ imirimo itandukanye (ibura ry’ akazi), ndetse n’ ibindi bitandukanye. Izi ngamba zari zikenewe—n’ ubu zigikoreshwa cyangwa zikoroshywa—zagiye zigira uruhare mu kibazo cy’ ubukene n’ inzara mu baturage.

Banki y’ Isi yerekana ko mu 1990, 36% (ubwo bari abantu miriyali 1.9) y’ abari batuye Isi bari mu bukene. Imibare yahindutse ikagera kuri 10% (ubwo ni miliyoni 734) mu mwaka wa 2015. Aba bari ku 10% baba batunzwe n’ amadorali y’ Amerika ari munsi ya 1.90$.

N’ ubwo miliyoni 736 z’ abatuye Isi ziri mu bukene bukabije, kimwe cya kabiri (½) cyabo—abari mu bukene bukabije—babarizwa mu bihugu biri munsi y’ Ubutayu bwa Sahara (Afurika).

Ku bice nka Asia y’ Uburasirazuba, Pacific, Uburayi, ndetse na Asia yo hagati, haboneka abari munsi ya 3% mu bukene bukabije. Mu nyandiko za World Vison ikesha Banki y’ Isi, yerekana ko kugeza ubu, imibare y’ abari mu bukene ku Isi bari ku kigero cya 8.6% (abantu miliyoni 736).

Impungenge zihari ni, ese covid-19 ntabwo izasiga iyi mibare yikubye inshuro? Inshuro ntawuzi uko zizangana, gusa byatangiye kugaragara ko ibihugu bitandukanye bifite imibare—yiyongera iminsi ku yindi—y’ ubukene, ibura ry’ akazi, ndetse n’ inzara.

Nka Zimbambwe, abagera kuri miliyoni 7.7 bafite ikibazo cy’ ibyo kurya. Ibi byatewe n’ uko ibiciro by’ ibyo kurya bigenda byiyongera, kandi mukuri nta mirimo yo gukora ihari. Ibura ry’ akazi ryari kuri 80% mu ntangiro za 2020. Ubwo muri iki gihe, igiciro cy’ impeke z’ ibigori cyari kigeze kuri 33% muri Gashyantare, 2020.

 Imwe muri gahunda yo guhangana na covid-19 ariyo guma murugo (lockdown), yashyize Ubuzima bw’ abakora imirimo yo guca inshuro (idahoraho) mu kangaratete!

Nko mu Buhinde, aba baga baraturutse mu byaro bagana imijyi nka Mumbai cyangwa Delhi ngo baboneyo imirimo mito mito, byabaye ngombwa ko bataha iwabo, aho kwicwa n’ inzara mu mihanda ya Mumbai na Delhi.

Muri Mynmar, abakozi barenga 10,000 babuze imirimo bitewe n’ uko inganda bakoreraga zafunzwe.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hasanzwe ubukene bwa 12.3% mu baturage bayo (abantu miliyoni 39.7). muri ibi bihe bya covid-19 byatumye haboneka ibura ry’ imirimo ku kigero gihambaye. Igiteranyo cy’ abagera kuri miliyoni 35.4 barabarwa mu badafite imirimo muri Amerika.

Muri raporo zitandukanye, Afurika—byihari Amajyepfo y’ Afurika—igarukwaho nk’ umugabane uzahura n’ ingaruka za covid-19, cyane cyane mu bijyane n’ ubukene n’ inzara ku baturage bayo.

Iki gice (Amajyepfo y’ Afurika), kigabijwe na covid-19 hadaciye igihe haboneka imiyaga yangiza, imvura nyimshi, imyuzure, ndetse n’ ibindi bitemereye abatunzwe n’ ubuhinzi kugera ku byifuzo byabo.

Ikigo Oxfam International, kigaragaza ko bitewe na covid-19, inzara mu Majyepfo ya Afurika izarenga kuri miliyoni 40 z’ abantu.

Ibihugu nka Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia na Afurika y’ Epfo, bifite abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 17 bafite ikibazo cy’ ibura ry’ ibyo kurya bitewe n’ izuba ry’ igihe kinini. Ni mugihe kandi 40% y’ abantu muri iki gice (amajyepfo y’ Afurika) basanzwe bari mu bukene bukabije.

Muri rusange icyorezo cya covid-19 cyangije gahunda z’ ubukungu, ikintu kigira ingaruka zikomeye zirimo ubukene n’ inzara.

Ibikorwa by’ ubukungu mu Isi byagabanutse ku kigero cya 6% mu 2020, ndetse ibura ry’ imirimo rizamuka ku kigero cya 9.2% kivuye kuri 5.4% mu 2019.

Ikigo IMF, kigaragaza ko ibikorwa by’ ubukungu ubwo bizaba byasubijwe mu buryo busanzwe, ubukungu bw’ isi bwazazamuka ku kigero cya 5.8% mu mwaka wa 2021.

Banki y’ Isi yerekana ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 40 na 60 bazagera mu bukene bukabije aho bazaba batunzwe ari munsi y’ amadorali 1.90$ ku munsi, mu mwaka wa 2020. Ndetse ko n’ abatungwa n’ amadorali ari munsi ya 3.20 baziyongera ku kigero cya 23%, ubwo baka ari abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 40 na150.

Src: reliefweb.int, Oxfam.org, worldvision.org, worldbank.org, epi.org, imf.org, bbc, UNDP,oecd.org & un.org