Abagera kuri Miliyoni 160 bakoresha amazi y’uruzi rwa Nil mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Uru ruzi rumaze gutera amakimbirane mu bihugu runyuramo kubera ikoreshwa ryawo. Magingo aya Ethiopia na Misiri birarebana ay’ingwe kubera urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Miliyari $5, Ethiopia irikubaka. Ikoreshwa ry’amazi ryaba nyirabayazana w’intambara?
Kuva
mu mwaka wa 1929 kugera magingo aya, amasezerano agenga ikoreshwa ry’amazi y’uruzi
rwa Nil aracyasinywa. Impamvu nyamukuru itera ibihugu bihurira kuri uru ruzi
guhora mu masezerano, ni ukugira ngo hatagira uruhande urwo ari rwo rwose
rwikubira cyangwa rukaryamirwa mu isaranganwa n’ikoresha ry’aya mazi. Urugero
rubangutse: 95% by’abatuye Misiri banywa amazi ya Nil, naho 25% byabo
bikayakoresha mukuhira ibihingwa bigaburira isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no
hanze yacyo.
Uruzi rwa Nil ni rwo rurerure ku isi dore ko rufite kirometero gisaga 7000 uhereye ku isoko yarwo. Uru nu uruzi ruhuriweho n’ibihugu 10 ari byo: U Rwanda, U Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, S.Sudan, Misiri kimwe na DR Congo. Byinshi muri ibi bihugu ni byo bifite amasoko y’uru ruzi.
Amazi y’uru
ruzi asonanuye byinshi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’ibihugu, imibereho myiza y’abaturage
ba byo, ubuhangange mu kare kimwe no ku ruhando mpuzamahanga. Ibi, ni byo
byagiye biba nyirabayazana w’ibibazo hagati y’ibihugu bikoresha uru ruzi
bigatuma yewe nka Ethiopia, Sudan na Misiri bihora birebana ay’ingwe.
Ubwo iyi nkuru yandikwaga, igereranyisha rihari ryerekana ko abaturage miriyoni 160 ari bo bakoresha amazi y’uruzi rwa Nil umunsi ku munsi. Mu mwaka wa 1929 ni bwo hasinywe amasezerano hagati ya Misiri n’ibihugu byakorenizwaga n’u Bwongereza byitiriwe kuba mu kibaya cy’uru ruzi.
Ingingo
y’ingenzi aya amasezerano yasize, Misiri
yahawe ububasha mu kugenzura ibikorwa byose byakubakwa kuri uru ruzi kugira ngo
hatazabaho kuyivutsa ingano y’amazi yakira. Amasezerano ntiyarangiriye mu 1929
ahubwo muri 1959 yarakommeje, 2015 yewe n’uyu mwaka abakuru b’ibihugu bya
Misiri, Sudan na Ethiopia baracyaganira ku ikoreshwa ry’aya mazi.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 1974-1991 ku butegetsi bwa Mengistu Haile Mariam muri Ethiopia; Sudan na Misiri bagiye bagirana amasezerano agenga imikoreshereze ya Nil ariko Ethiopia ntiyagaragaremo. Mengestu yari umuyobozi wategekeshejeiki gihugu inkoni y’icyuma. Aho Ethiopia igiriye ubuyobozi na yo yatangiye gushaka kwerekana ko na yo ifite uruhare runini kuri uru ruzi dore ko ifite isoko nini yayo ituruka mu kiyaga cya Tana.
Si Ethiopia yagaragaje ubushake bwo kubyaza
umusaruro w’uru ruzi gusa kuko mu 2010 yo, Tanzania, U Rwanda, U Burundi, Kenya
na Uganda byasinye amasezerano yemereraga ibi bihugu gukoresha amazi y’amasoko
y’uru ruzi mu bikorwa by’iterambere harimo no kuhira imyaka bitagombereye ko
Misiri ibiha umugisha. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa aya masezerano ayizweho umukono
havutse umushinga bikekwa ko ushobora gutuma Misiri na Ethiopia hatagize
igikorwa, byatana mu mitwe.
Ubwo Hosni Mubarak yahirikwaga ku butegetsi mu Misiri mu nkundura y’impinduramatwara y’Abarabu muri 2011; Ethiopia yatangiye umushinga wo kubaka urugomero runini rw’amashanyarazi ku ruzi rwa Nil. “Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam” ni umushinga w’urugomero ruzatanga umuriro wa megawatt 6500 ndetse iyubakwa ryarwo rikaba ryatanze akazi abantu 20000. Uyu mushinga uteganyije gutwara agera kuri miriyari $5. Iby’uyu mushinga Misiri ntibikozwa, yewe inashinja Ethiopia kuba yarawushyize mu bikorwa igihe yo yari mu kavuyo k’impinduramatwara.
Byagiye bihwihwiswa ko
Ethiopia nidashyira akadomo kuri uru rugomero cyangwa ngo yumvikane na Misiri
imikoreshereze yarwo ko yiteguye─Misiri─ kurusenya n’ubwo nta muyobozi
watangaje ayo magambo. Nyamara mu mwaka wa 2019, ubwo minisiteri w’intebe wa
Ethiopia yari imbere y’inteko ishingamategeko yayitangarije ko ntakintu
cyakwitambika uyu mushinga, yewe ko n’iyo intambara yaza bashishikariza
urubyiruko rwabo kubatera ingabo mu bitugu.
Misiri itewe ikibazo n’iyuzuzwa ry’amazi muri uru rugomero
kuko byayitera igihombo gikomeye mu mirire n’ubukungu. Ethiopia ntizahara uyu
mushinga kuko nyuma yo kuzura kwawo byatuma mu gihe gito igira ubukungu
buciriritse kubera igurishwa ry’umuriro mu karere. Ni nde uzaharira undi?
Twitege intambara koko itewe n’amazi?
TANGA IGITECYEREZO