Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi: Ibyaranze amatariki ya 29 Werurwe-04 Mata 1991-1994

Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) mu itangazo yashyize hanze kuri uyu wa 29 Werurwe 2020 yagize ati "Imbaraga zo kuyihagarika ni zo mbaraga zituma twishakamo imbaraga zo guhangana n’icyorezo icyo ari cyo cyose, tuzi neza ko tuzagitsinda. Niyo mpamvu mu gufasha abanyarwanda n’amahanga kwitegura kwibuka ayo mateka, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ikomeje kugaragaza bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi."  

Ibikorwa bikurikira ni ibyaranze amatariki 29 Werurwe-05 Mata  1991-1994.

1.      Jenerali Deogratias Nsabimana yayoboye inama rurangiza yo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi wa Jenoside

Ku itariki 29 werurwe 1994, Jenerali Deogratias Nsabimana wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yakoresheje inama yo kunoza imikorere y’ibikorwa bya “auto-defense civile” byari bigamije gushishikariza abaturage kwica Abatutsi. Muri iyo nama yateraniyemo abayobozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali, aba gisilikare, abo  mu mashyaka ya Hutu power, Impuzamugambi n’Interahamwe, hatanzwe intwaro z’inyongera zagombaga gushyikirizwa abicanyi mu gihe cya vuba.

Ikorwa ry’iyo nama y’ibanga ryatangajwe muri raporo y’Abadepite b’Abafransa bari bayobowe na Paul Quiles muri 1998 aho batangaje ko iyo nama yabaye mu ibanga rikomeye, kandi abafransa bakaba bayifitiye inyandikomvugo. Iyo raporo y’Abadepite b’Abafransa yibutsa ko itangwa ry’intwaro mu Nterahamwe ryagaragajwe kuva ku itariki 22 mutarama 1992 muri telegramu yoherejwe na Colonel Bernard Cussac wari umukozi mukuru muri Ambassade y’Ubufransa i Kigali akuriye ubutwererane mu bya gisilikare hagati y’Ubufransa n’u Rwanda.

Muri iyo Telegramu, Colonel Cussac yavugaga ko itangwa ry’izo ntwaro ryayobowe na Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu w’u Rwanda, bikorerwa muri Perefegitura zo mu Majyaruguru y’Igihugu, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba, zigahabwa abasore n’abagabo batoranyijwe n’abategetsi kandi abahawe intwaro bakigishwa kuzikoresha n’abasilikare b’u Rwanda. 

Ahereye kuri ibyo, Colonel Cussac yemeje ko hariho ubufatanye bugaragara hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, ubwa gisilikare n’Interahamwe, akavuga ko ari nta kibuza, Interahamwe zizakoresha izo ntwaro mu kwica abantu. Icyo gihe hari muri 1992, bikaba bigaragaza ko umugambi wa Jenoside wo gutsemba Abatutsi atari uwo muri mata 1994, ahubwo watangiye mbere cyane y’uwo mwaka.

Itangwa ry’intwaro mu Nterahamwe ryongeye kwibutswa na Jenerali Dallaire tariki 11 mutarama 1994 muri telegramu yoherereje Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibunbye, Boutros-Boutros Ghali, asaba ko MINUAR yahabwa uburenganira bwo gufatira izo ntwaro, ariko ntiyabuhabwa.

2.      Perezida Habyarimana yemereye CDR kwinjira mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho binyuranyije n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha

Tariki ya 29 Werurwe 1994, Perezida HABYARIMANA  wari ukomeje kwirengagiza nkana gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho nk’uko byari byaragenwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha nubwo abaterankunga b’u Rwanda batahwemaga kumushyiraho igitutu, yemereye ishyaka ry’abahezanguni ry’abahutu CDR kugira abadepite bayihagarariye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho, binyuranye n’ibyo amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yateganyaga, cyane ko CDR yayarwanyaga. 

Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko HABYARIMANA  nawe yari mu mugambi wa CDR wo kutemera amasezerano y’amahoro no kurimbura Abatutsi. CDR ryari ishyaka ritahwemye kwamagana aya masezerano yari agamije gushaka ibisubizo mu nzira z’amahoro, CDR ikaba yaravugaga ko amahoro azazanwa gusa no guhangana n’Inkotanyi zigasubizwa i Bugande ku ngufu bifatanyije no gutsemba Abatutsi.

3.      Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho yateguye ikorwa rya Jenoside muri Kigali  

Umunsi umwe nyuma y’inama yo ku wa 29 werurwe 1994 yari yakoreshejwe na Jenerali Nsabimana, wari Umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, tariki 30 Werurwe 1994, Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse, yamwoherereje urutonde rw’abantu batoranijwe barimo n’abavuye ku rugerero bo kugira uruhare muri gahunda yo kurimbura Abatutsi bise “auto-défense civile”. 

Iyi nyandiko yaje ikurikira indi yari yaratangajwe na Nahimana Ferdinand kuwa 28 Werurwe 1994 yahamagariraga abantu kwirwanaho (auto-defense) mu rwego rwo gushaka igisubizo cya nyuma ku cyo yise "ihuriro ry’Abatutsi" yavugaga ko bashaka kubaka "ubwami bw’Abahima" mu bihugu bigize Akarere k’Ibiyaga bigari. Iyi ngengabitekerezo idafite ishingiro na n’ubu iracyakwirakwizwa n’intagondwa zirwanya ubuyobozi bukuru bw’u Rwanda.

Ferdinand Nahimana yahamagariraga buri wese wiyumva ko ari Umuhutu koko kumva ko iyo ntambara imureba no gufatanya n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze mu rwego rwo gutera abaturage umwete muri ubwo buryo. Mu by’ukuri, kwari uguhamagarira Abahutu kwishyira hamwe bakarimbura Abatutsi.

4.      Umuryango Uharanira Uburenganzira bwa muntu CLADHO wamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’abasilikare ba Habyarimana ntibyagira icyo bitanga.

Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 1994,  umuryango  CLADHO wasohoye itangazo ryamagana ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’abasirikare ba Habyarimana barimo abo mu mutwe wari ushinzwe kumurinda hamwe n’Interahamwe. CLADHO yasabaga kandi ko abo basirikare bafatirwa ibihano byo mu rwego rw’akazi ndetse ukanasaba ko imitwe yitwara gisirikare yari yarashyizweho na MRND n’amashyaka byari bifatanyije yakwamburwa intwaro. 

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwirengagije iyo mpuruza ya CLADHO bukomeza guha intwaro abaturage bizewe, kubaha imyitozo ya gisilikare no kubakangurira kwitegura kwica Abatutsi igihe ubutegetsi buzaba bubahaye amabwiriza yo kubikora. Iki ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byiyongera ku bindi byinshi byerekana neza ko Leta ya Habyarimana ariyo yateguye Jenoside ikanayishyira mu bikorwa ikoresheje inzego zayo.

Tariki ya 31 Werurwe 1994, ubwo manda ya MINUAR yaganaga ku musozo wayo, abayobozi b’imiryango nyarwanda iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe n’indi miryango itegamiye kuri Leta bandikiye Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Amahoro ku isi basaba ko MINUAR yaguma mu Rwanda ndetse ikongererwa imbaraga kuko kuyivana mu Rwanda byari ugutererana abaturage bugarijwe n’amakuba akomeye.

5.      Ubufransa bwakomeje gufasha Leta ya Habyarimana yateguraga Jenoside

Tariki ya 2 Mata 1993, nyuma y’uko Minisitiri w’ingabo w’Ubufransa François Léotard atangarije ko FPR “irimo kugenda isatira Kigali, yohereza imbere abasirikare bambaye imyenda isanzwe”, Minisitiri w’intebe Edouard Balladur, abishyigikiwemo na perezida François Mitterrand, yafashe icyemezo cyo kongera abasirikare b’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda ndetse no gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare.

Tariki ya 3 Mata 1993, Habyarimana yakiriye mu rugo iwe ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Georges Martres, Colonel Bernard Cussac wari ushinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Colonel Jean Jacques Maurin  wari umujyanama w’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda hamwe na Michel Robardey kugira ngo abashimire inkunga Ubufaransa bwahaye u Rwanda mu guhangana n’igitero cya FPR cyo ku wa 8 gashyantare 1993 ubwo ingabo za FPR zotsaga igitutu ingabo za Leta ya Habyarimana zikagera mu mpinga ya Shyorongi.

Ubu bufasha Ubufransa bwakomeje guha Leta y’u Rwanda bwagize ingaruka zo kumvisha iyi Leta ko yashoboraga gukomeza gutegura Jenoside nta nkomyi kubera ko yari ishyigikiwe n’igihugu gikomeye nk’Ubufransa.

6.      Intagondwa za Hutu Power zakoresheje Radio RTLM zihamagarira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi zibeshya ko zatahuye umugambi w’Abatutsi wo kwica Abahutu

Ku itariki ya 03 Mata 1994, RTLM yavuze ibeshya ko ko FPR yagombaga gukora akantu gatoya ikoresheje amasasu yayo na za gerenade hagati ya tariki ya 3 n’iya 5 Mata 1994 ndetse no hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 8 mata 1994. Ibi byari uburyo bwo kuyobya uburari no kwikuraho umugambi wa Jenoside nk’uko impuguke Muchiell abigaragza, aho agira ati: “Abahutu b’intagondwa bashakaga kugaragaza ko Abatutsi biteguraga kurangiza ibyo bo ubwabo bari bafitiye gahunda”. 

Iki kinyoma cyakwijwe na RTLM cyateje ubwoba bwinshi mu baturage bituma koko bemera ko Abatutsi bari bafite umugambi wo kwica Abahutu, bituma gahunda yo gutsemba Abatutsi yitabirwa ku buryo budasanzwe. N’ubundi muri icyo gihe, mu Rwanda hari hasanzwe ubwoba mu bantu bwakwirakwizwaga na CDR na MRND. Bamwe mu baturage bumvaga ko bari mu kaga bohereje abana babo kure ya Kigali mu gihe abandi bahungiye mu bice bumvaga ko bifite umutekano. Aho Jenoside itangiriye ntaho yasize, igihugu cyose cyabaye umuyonga.

Uwo munsi kandi, avuga mu izina ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, ambasaderi w’Ubudage mu Rwanda yagaragaje ko ahangayikishijwe no kwiyongera k’umutekano muke, ubwiyongere bw’intwaro n’« uruhare rudakwiye kwihanganirwa rwa bimwe mu binyamakuru». Yanavuze ko inkunga y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yari guterwa n’uburyo amasezerano y’ Amahoro ashyizwe mu bikorwa. Bwari uburyo bwo kugira ngo yotse igitutu kuri Leta ngo ireke gutegura ubwicanyi ariko ntacyo byatanze.

7.      Colonel Bagosora yavuze ko umuti w’ibibazo bya politiki byari mu Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi

Tariki ya 4 Mata 1994, mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’igihugu cya Senegal, Colonel Bagosora wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ingabo, akaba yararwanyaga ku buryo bukomeye amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, yabwiye abari bitabiriye ibyo birori ko « igisubizo kimwe rukumbi gishoboka ku Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi ». Mu bantu bari muri ibyo birori, bemeje ayo magambo ya Bagosora mu buhamya batanze haba mu Rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no mu nyandiko zitandukanye, harimo Romeo Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo za MINUAR mu Rwanda, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh wari uhagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda, Colonel Luc Marchal w’umubiligi wari uyoboye ingabo z‘Ububiligi zari muri MINUAR, akaba yari anungirije Jenerali Dallaire.

Dr Bizimana yasoje agira ati "Ibi bikorwa bimaze kuvugwa haruguru biragaragaza ko Leta ya Habyarimana yirengagizaga nkana gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’Amahoro kuko itayemeraga, ahubwo yo yari ishishikajwe no gukomeza kunoza no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wayo mubisha wo gukora Jenoside. Biragaragaza kandi ko bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byari bifite amakuru ahagije kuri uyu mugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi, ariko bigakomeza gufasha Leta yateguraga kurimbura igice kimwe cy’Abaturage bayo aho kuburizamo uwo mugambi."