Ibihe turimo ntibisanzwe, Igihugu cy'u Rwanda n’isi muri rusange bihanganye n’icyorezo cya Covid-19, abanyarwanda bakaba bagomba gukomeza kuzirikana amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’uburyo yahagaritswe.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) mu itangazo yashyize hanze kuri uyu wa 29 Werurwe 2020 yagize ati "Imbaraga zo kuyihagarika ni zo mbaraga zituma twishakamo imbaraga zo guhangana n’icyorezo icyo ari cyo cyose, tuzi neza ko tuzagitsinda. Niyo mpamvu mu gufasha abanyarwanda n’amahanga kwitegura kwibuka ayo mateka, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ikomeje kugaragaza bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi."
Ibikorwa bikurikira ni ibyaranze amatariki 29 Werurwe-05 Mata 1991-1994.
1.
Jenerali
Deogratias Nsabimana yayoboye inama rurangiza yo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa
ry’umugambi wa Jenoside
Ku itariki 29 werurwe 1994, Jenerali Deogratias
Nsabimana wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yakoresheje inama yo kunoza
imikorere y’ibikorwa bya “auto-defense civile” byari bigamije gushishikariza
abaturage kwica Abatutsi. Muri iyo nama yateraniyemo abayobozi b’Umujyi wa
Kigali, aba gisilikare, abo mu mashyaka
ya Hutu power, Impuzamugambi n’Interahamwe, hatanzwe intwaro z’inyongera
zagombaga gushyikirizwa abicanyi mu gihe cya vuba.
Ikorwa ry’iyo
nama y’ibanga ryatangajwe muri raporo y’Abadepite b’Abafransa bari bayobowe na
Paul Quiles muri 1998 aho batangaje ko iyo nama yabaye mu ibanga rikomeye,
kandi abafransa bakaba bayifitiye inyandikomvugo. Iyo raporo y’Abadepite
b’Abafransa yibutsa ko itangwa ry’intwaro mu Nterahamwe ryagaragajwe kuva ku
itariki 22 mutarama 1992 muri telegramu yoherejwe na Colonel Bernard Cussac
wari umukozi mukuru muri Ambassade y’Ubufransa i Kigali akuriye ubutwererane mu
bya gisilikare hagati y’Ubufransa n’u Rwanda.
Muri iyo Telegramu, Colonel Cussac yavugaga ko itangwa ry’izo ntwaro ryayobowe na Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu w’u Rwanda, bikorerwa muri Perefegitura zo mu Majyaruguru y’Igihugu, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba, zigahabwa abasore n’abagabo batoranyijwe n’abategetsi kandi abahawe intwaro bakigishwa kuzikoresha n’abasilikare b’u Rwanda.
Ahereye kuri ibyo, Colonel Cussac yemeje
ko hariho ubufatanye bugaragara hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, ubwa gisilikare
n’Interahamwe, akavuga ko ari nta kibuza, Interahamwe zizakoresha izo ntwaro mu
kwica abantu. Icyo gihe hari muri 1992, bikaba bigaragaza ko umugambi wa
Jenoside wo gutsemba Abatutsi atari uwo muri mata 1994, ahubwo watangiye mbere
cyane y’uwo mwaka.
Itangwa
ry’intwaro mu Nterahamwe ryongeye kwibutswa na Jenerali Dallaire tariki 11
mutarama 1994 muri telegramu yoherereje Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango
w’Abibunbye, Boutros-Boutros Ghali, asaba ko MINUAR yahabwa uburenganira bwo
gufatira izo ntwaro, ariko ntiyabuhabwa.
2.
Perezida
Habyarimana yemereye CDR kwinjira mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho
binyuranyije n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha
Tariki ya 29 Werurwe 1994, Perezida HABYARIMANA wari ukomeje kwirengagiza nkana gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho nk’uko byari byaragenwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha nubwo abaterankunga b’u Rwanda batahwemaga kumushyiraho igitutu, yemereye ishyaka ry’abahezanguni ry’abahutu CDR kugira abadepite bayihagarariye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho, binyuranye n’ibyo amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yateganyaga, cyane ko CDR yayarwanyaga.
Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko HABYARIMANA
nawe yari mu mugambi wa CDR wo kutemera amasezerano y’amahoro no
kurimbura Abatutsi. CDR ryari ishyaka ritahwemye kwamagana aya masezerano yari
agamije gushaka ibisubizo mu nzira z’amahoro, CDR ikaba yaravugaga ko amahoro
azazanwa gusa no guhangana n’Inkotanyi zigasubizwa i Bugande ku ngufu
bifatanyije no gutsemba Abatutsi.
3. Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho
yateguye ikorwa rya Jenoside muri Kigali
Umunsi umwe nyuma y’inama yo ku wa 29 werurwe 1994 yari yakoreshejwe na Jenerali Nsabimana, wari Umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, tariki 30 Werurwe 1994, Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse, yamwoherereje urutonde rw’abantu batoranijwe barimo n’abavuye ku rugerero bo kugira uruhare muri gahunda yo kurimbura Abatutsi bise “auto-défense civile”.
Iyi nyandiko yaje ikurikira indi yari yaratangajwe na Nahimana
Ferdinand kuwa 28 Werurwe 1994 yahamagariraga abantu kwirwanaho (auto-defense)
mu rwego rwo gushaka igisubizo cya nyuma ku cyo yise "ihuriro ry’Abatutsi" yavugaga ko bashaka kubaka "ubwami bw’Abahima" mu bihugu
bigize Akarere k’Ibiyaga bigari. Iyi ngengabitekerezo idafite ishingiro na
n’ubu iracyakwirakwizwa n’intagondwa zirwanya ubuyobozi bukuru bw’u Rwanda.
Ferdinand Nahimana yahamagariraga buri wese wiyumva ko
ari Umuhutu koko kumva ko iyo ntambara imureba no gufatanya n’abayobozi
b’inzego z’ibanze mu rwego rwo gutera abaturage umwete muri ubwo buryo. Mu by’ukuri,
kwari uguhamagarira Abahutu kwishyira hamwe bakarimbura Abatutsi.
4. Umuryango Uharanira Uburenganzira bwa muntu CLADHO
wamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’abasilikare ba Habyarimana ntibyagira icyo
bitanga.
Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 1994, umuryango CLADHO wasohoye itangazo ryamagana ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’abasirikare ba Habyarimana barimo abo mu mutwe wari ushinzwe kumurinda hamwe n’Interahamwe. CLADHO yasabaga kandi ko abo basirikare bafatirwa ibihano byo mu rwego rw’akazi ndetse ukanasaba ko imitwe yitwara gisirikare yari yarashyizweho na MRND n’amashyaka byari bifatanyije yakwamburwa intwaro.
Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana
bwirengagije iyo mpuruza ya CLADHO bukomeza guha intwaro abaturage bizewe,
kubaha imyitozo ya gisilikare no kubakangurira kwitegura kwica Abatutsi igihe
ubutegetsi buzaba bubahaye amabwiriza yo kubikora. Iki ni kimwe mu bimenyetso
byiyongera ku bindi byinshi byerekana neza ko Leta ya Habyarimana ariyo
yateguye Jenoside ikanayishyira mu bikorwa ikoresheje inzego zayo.
Tariki ya 31
Werurwe 1994, ubwo manda ya MINUAR yaganaga ku musozo wayo, abayobozi
b’imiryango nyarwanda iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe n’indi miryango
itegamiye kuri Leta bandikiye Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Amahoro
ku isi basaba ko MINUAR yaguma mu Rwanda ndetse ikongererwa imbaraga kuko kuyivana
mu Rwanda byari ugutererana abaturage bugarijwe n’amakuba akomeye.
5. Ubufransa bwakomeje gufasha Leta ya Habyarimana
yateguraga Jenoside
Tariki ya 2 Mata 1993, nyuma y’uko Minisitiri
w’ingabo w’Ubufransa François Léotard atangarije ko FPR “irimo kugenda isatira
Kigali, yohereza imbere abasirikare bambaye imyenda isanzwe”, Minisitiri
w’intebe Edouard Balladur, abishyigikiwemo na perezida François Mitterrand,
yafashe icyemezo cyo kongera abasirikare b’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda ndetse no
gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare.
Tariki ya 3 Mata 1993, Habyarimana yakiriye mu rugo
iwe ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Georges Martres, Colonel Bernard Cussac
wari ushinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Colonel
Jean Jacques Maurin wari umujyanama
w’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda hamwe na Michel Robardey kugira ngo
abashimire inkunga Ubufaransa bwahaye u Rwanda mu guhangana n’igitero cya FPR cyo
ku wa 8 gashyantare 1993 ubwo ingabo za FPR zotsaga igitutu ingabo za Leta ya
Habyarimana zikagera mu mpinga ya Shyorongi.
Ubu bufasha
Ubufransa bwakomeje guha Leta y’u Rwanda bwagize ingaruka zo kumvisha iyi Leta
ko yashoboraga gukomeza gutegura Jenoside nta nkomyi kubera ko yari ishyigikiwe
n’igihugu gikomeye nk’Ubufransa.
6.
Intagondwa za
Hutu Power zakoresheje Radio RTLM zihamagarira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi zibeshya
ko zatahuye umugambi w’Abatutsi wo kwica Abahutu
Ku itariki ya 03 Mata 1994, RTLM yavuze ibeshya ko ko
FPR yagombaga gukora akantu gatoya ikoresheje amasasu yayo na za gerenade
hagati ya tariki ya 3 n’iya 5 Mata 1994 ndetse no hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 8
mata 1994. Ibi byari uburyo bwo kuyobya uburari no kwikuraho umugambi wa
Jenoside nk’uko impuguke Muchiell abigaragza, aho agira ati: “Abahutu b’intagondwa bashakaga kugaragaza
ko Abatutsi biteguraga kurangiza ibyo bo ubwabo bari bafitiye gahunda”.
Iki kinyoma
cyakwijwe na RTLM cyateje ubwoba bwinshi mu baturage bituma koko bemera ko
Abatutsi bari bafite umugambi wo kwica Abahutu, bituma gahunda yo gutsemba
Abatutsi yitabirwa ku buryo budasanzwe. N’ubundi muri icyo gihe, mu Rwanda hari
hasanzwe ubwoba mu bantu bwakwirakwizwaga na CDR na MRND. Bamwe mu baturage
bumvaga ko bari mu kaga bohereje abana babo kure ya Kigali mu gihe abandi
bahungiye mu bice bumvaga ko bifite umutekano. Aho Jenoside itangiriye ntaho
yasize, igihugu cyose cyabaye umuyonga.
Uwo munsi kandi,
avuga mu izina ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, ambasaderi w’Ubudage mu Rwanda
yagaragaje ko ahangayikishijwe no kwiyongera k’umutekano muke, ubwiyongere
bw’intwaro n’« uruhare rudakwiye
kwihanganirwa rwa bimwe mu binyamakuru». Yanavuze ko inkunga
y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yari guterwa n’uburyo amasezerano y’ Amahoro
ashyizwe mu bikorwa. Bwari uburyo bwo kugira ngo yotse igitutu kuri Leta ngo
ireke gutegura ubwicanyi ariko ntacyo byatanze.
7.
Colonel Bagosora
yavuze ko umuti w’ibibazo bya politiki byari mu Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi
Tariki ya 4 Mata 1994, mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’igihugu cya Senegal, Colonel Bagosora wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ingabo, akaba yararwanyaga ku buryo bukomeye amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, yabwiye abari bitabiriye ibyo birori ko « igisubizo kimwe rukumbi gishoboka ku Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi ». Mu bantu bari muri ibyo birori, bemeje ayo magambo ya Bagosora mu buhamya batanze haba mu Rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no mu nyandiko zitandukanye, harimo Romeo Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo za MINUAR mu Rwanda, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh wari uhagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda, Colonel Luc Marchal w’umubiligi wari uyoboye ingabo z‘Ububiligi zari muri MINUAR, akaba yari anungirije Jenerali Dallaire.
Dr Bizimana yasoje agira ati "Ibi bikorwa bimaze kuvugwa haruguru biragaragaza ko Leta ya Habyarimana yirengagizaga nkana gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’Amahoro kuko itayemeraga, ahubwo yo yari ishishikajwe no gukomeza kunoza no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wayo mubisha wo gukora Jenoside. Biragaragaza kandi ko bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byari bifite amakuru ahagije kuri uyu mugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi, ariko bigakomeza gufasha Leta yateguraga kurimbura igice kimwe cy’Abaturage bayo aho kuburizamo uwo mugambi."
TANGA IGITECYEREZO