West Bank: Imvano y’amakimbirane hagati ya Isiraheli na Palestina ku butaka bwa Yudeya na Samariya

Akenshi abakurikirana bya hafi ibyandikwa mu binyamakuru mpuzamahanga ku mwuka mubi hagati ya Isiraheri na Palestina, mu byo basoma cyangwa bakurikirana muri rusange ntihaburamo ijambo “ West Bank”. Iri jambo rimaze kuvugwa si ryo ryonyine rikunze kugaragara mu nkuru zibara intambara imaze imyaka irenga 70 hagati y’ibi bihugu.

Andi magambo akunze kugaragaramo harimo “67 Borders” bisobanuye imipaka 67; kimwe na “Occupied territories” bisobanuye ubutaka bwigaruriwe tugenekereje. Ese kuki aya magambo atabura kuranga izi nkuru, yewe, bamwe bakavuga ko ari na ryo zingiro rya kimwe mu bibazo biri mu Burengerazuba bwo hagati?

“West Bank” ni agace abenshi basomye Bibiriya bakazi nka Judeya na Samariya. Mu mateka nta gihugu cya Palestina cyari cyarabayeho, ahubwo icyariho cyari agace kitwaga gatyo ndetse kagaturwa n’Abarabu. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1517 kugeza mu wa 1917, intara ya Palestina yariyarigaruriwe n’ubwami bw’abami bw’ Aba-Ottom. Ubu bwami bw’abami bwaje kwamburwa ubu butaka mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi, bwigarurirwa n’Abongereza. Ubu butaka buherereye mu burengerazuba bw’uruzi rwa Yorodani ari na ho hava izina West(uburengerazuba) Bank(inkombe), bwaje kuba gute ubutaka bwa Isiraheri?

Ni ngombwa gusubira inyuma gato mu mateka y’ishingwa ry’iki gihugu cya Isiraheri. Mu mwaka wa 1917 ni bwo habayeho amasezerano yemeraga guzaha Abayahudi ubutaka bazashingaho igihugu cyabo. Uti ayo masezerano ni ayahe? 

Ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 1917 ni bwo uwari ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga bw’Ubwongereza, Arthur Balfour, yoherereje ibarwa Lord Walter Rothschild --umwe mu Bayahudi kandi b’inshurabwenge z’igitekerezo cy'uko Abayahudi bazasubira mu gihugu cy’abakurambere babo-- amugaragariza ko Ubwongereza bwari bushyigikiye igitekerezo cyo kugira ubutaka aho abasogokuru babo bakomokaga, aho ni muri Palestina. 

Ubu butaka bwari bugiye gutuzwaho aba Bayahudi bwari butuwe na 92% by’Abakristu n’Abisaramu. Icyo twakwibutsa abantu nuko Palestina yaje kujya mu maboko y’Abongerereza mu Ntambara ya I y’Isi Ubwongereza bwaramaze kwerekana ko bushyigikiye ko Abayahudi bagira igihugu. Mu mwaka wa 1917 Abayahudi bari batuye Palestina bari 8% gusa, Ubwongereza bwagiye bukora ibishoboka byose ngo bufashe Abayahudi bari batuye mu Buraya kujya gutura muri iki gihugu.

Nyuma yuko Ubwongereza buhisemo kuva muri Palestina, aho hari mu mwaka wa 1948, bamwe mu Bayahudi bari bagize igisirikare cyategekagwa n’Abongereza basembuye igitekerezo cyo kugira igihugu cyabo. Muri iyi nkubiri abageraga ku bihumbi 700 bo mu bwoko kavugikire b’Abanyepalestina bakuwe mu byabo abandi bicwa n’ingabo zavuzwe haruguru, iri totezwa ryaje kwitwa Nakba. Ku itariki ya 14 Gicurasi, Abayahudi bari muri Palestina batangaje Leta yabo yigenga ya Isiraheri nuko David Ben-Gurion aba Minisiteri w’Intebe wayo wa mbere.

Mbere gato yuko Isiraheri itangazwa nk’igihugu, Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu mwanzuro wayo wa 181 warushyigikiye ko habaho ibihugu bibiri: icy’Abarabu ndetse n’icy’Abayahudi. Uyu mwanzuro Abayahudi barawushyigikiye nyamara Abarabu ntibawukozwaga na busa! Ibi byatumye Abarabu bo muri Palestina begura imiheto batangira kurwanya Abayahudi.

Kuva aho Isiraheli ibereye igihugu cyigenga ntiyagiye igira amahoro. Mu mwaka wa 1967 ubwo habaga intambara yitiriwe iy’Iminsi Itandatu, Isiraheli ni bwo yigaruriye aka gace ka West Bank ikambuye Ubwami bwa Jorodaniya. Iyi ntambara yavuzwe haruguru yahuje Isiraheli n’ibihugu by’Abarabu ari byo: Misiri, Yorodaniya, Siriya, Libani, Iraki na Arabiya Sawudite. 

Iyi ntambara yaje guhindura byinshi cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’imipaka muri aka gace k’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati. Mu duce twigaruriwe na Isiraheli -- ubwo yagerageza kwihagarara ho muri iyi ntambara dore yaje no kuyitsinda-- harimo n’aka ka West Bank ikavanye kuri Yorodaniya. Ese ubundi aka gace kari aka Yorodaniya ko?

Nkuko twabigarutseho mbere aha, kuva Isiraheli yatangazwa nk’igihugu cyigenga abaturanyi ntibigeze babyishimira. Nyuma y’ishingwa ry’iyi Leta, Yorodaniya yigaruriye aka gace ka West Bank mu 1948 ubwo yageragezaga gusenya iki gihugu gishya. Nyamara mbere ya 1948 aka gace ka West Bank si uko kitwaga n’ubundi kitwaga Yudeya na Samariya. Ese kuki aka gace gafatwa ndetse kakitirirwa ubutaka bwigaruriwe?

Iyo usubije ibihe inyuma usanga aka gace ari aka Isiraheli. Nyuma yuko Abayahudi bahawe ahitwa ubu Isiraheri ngo bahature harahoze amatware y’Abongereza, iyo urebye ibijyanye n’imipaka yaho usanga West Bank yari iya Isiraheli.