SPARTACUS umucakara washatse guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Roma, yari muntu ki?

Mu mateka y’isi, hari byinshi byo kuvuga. Ubu, turareba indwanyi ndetse akaba n’umucakara muri Roma. Uyu, ibikorwa bye n’ubwo bitamugira intwari, ariko bituma hari abagenda bamwigiraho bumwe mu buryo yakoresheje ahangana n’ubutegetsi bwariho i Roma. Spartacus uretse filime yakinnye kuri aya mateka, ubundi muri rusange umuziho iki?

Spartacus yari ndwanyi mu gisirikare cya Roma aza gukurwa mu ngabo, nyuma arafatwa ubwo yari ayoboye agatsiko k’amabandi, ibyo bituma agurishwa mu bacakara. Aho, yaje gutozwa iby’uburwanyi bihambaye, ahitwa Capua, mu majyaruguru ya Naples, mu mwaka wa 73 mbere ya Kristu. Gusa naho yaje kuhatoroka ari kumwe n’abandi bagenzi be bivugwa ko bageraga kuri 70. Spartacus, bivugwa ko akomoka muri Thrace, ubu hazwi nko mugace ka Balkan.

Spartacus amaze gucika aho batorezwaga nk’abacakara, we na bagenzi be bahungiye mu misozi ya Vesuvius, aho yaje kwiyungwaho n’abandi bacakara baje no gufatanya mu rugendo rwo guhirika ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe. Spartacus na bagenzi be, baje kujya babohoza abacakara bandi ababaga bakoreshwa uburetwa ndetse banahagarika bimwe mu bitero ubutegetsi bwa Roma bwageragezaga kubagabaho. Dore ko n’umubare w’ingabo ze wari umaze kwiyongera bagera mu 100,000.

72 Spartacus n’ingabo ze, bakomeje ibikorwa byabo byo guhangana n’ ubutegetsi bwa Roma. Ubu, bari bamaze kuba inararibonye mu by’ intamara. Ubwo, baza kunesha bikomeye ibitero bitandukanye byari byatewe n’ ingabo za Roma. Babahutsemo, barabica, abasigaye bata urugamba barahunga! Ndetse n’ abahagarariye Roma bagera kuri babiri nabo barahunga. Aha barwaniraga hari mu majyaruguru y’ Ubutariyani, gusa baje gufata inkambi ahitwa Rhenium, nyuma byabaye ngombwa ko Spartacus agarura ingabo ze mu majyepfo, ariko bivugwa ko bari bafite gahunda yo kugana muri Sicily.

Ngo aho umutindi yanitse ntiriva! Spartacus n’ingabo ze uko bigamba, bivuga ibigwi n’ibirindiro, ni ko Roma nayo yari imaze guca akenge, yemeza ko itongera kuba agafu k’ imvugwa rimwe. Byagenze bite?

Umunyepolitiki, akaba na Jenerari (General) mu ngabo za Roma Marcus Licinius Crassus, yafashe misiyo, yerekeza ingabo ze mu majyepfo aho yagombaga gusanga Spartacus ndetse n’abasangirangendo be. Marcus wari inzobere mu by’intambara, yateze imitego ihambaye yagombaga kumufasha kwikiza indwanyi za Spartacus, ariko, ntibyamuhira neza, kuko nabo bayitahuye kare hanyuma, ntiyabahita. 

Gusa, ntibyarangiriye aho, kuko Marcus yari yaciyemo ingabo ze imitwe 8, byatumye indwanyi za Spartacus zitatana, ibyo byorohera abanyeroma kubagota barabica karahava. Jenerari (general) Pompey n’ ingabo yari arangaje imbere, baje kwivugana abanzi (ingabo za Spartacus), abagera ku 6,000 bagenzi ba Spartacus bari bagerageje gucika, barahizwe, hanyuma bincwa na Marcus, ahitwaAppin Way ahagana Capua. Ndetse, bivugwa ko n’ umuyobozi wabo Spartacus nawe yasize ubuzima muri icyo gitero.

Jenerari Pompeyrero, birangira ariwe ubashije guhagarika umwanzi w’ ibihe w’ ubutegenzi bwa Roma, ndetse atwara n’ ikamba mugenzi we Marcus Licinius Crassus,we wari wasezeranyije sena ko agiye guhagarika umwanzi Spartacus, ariko Pompey bikarangira ari we ubashije kumwivugana.

Ibikorwa bya Spartacus byabaye mu myaka myinshi yatambutse, ntabwo byagarukiye aho, kuko hari abagikoresha amayeri ye ngo barebe ko bahirika ubutegetsi bwabo. Ejo bundi hari ababyifashishaga kuva mu 1914-1918. Bari bazwi nka Spartacus League (Spartakusbund, mu kidage). 

Abo, byatangiye ku mugaragaro mu 1916, batangijwe na Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin,ndetse na Franz Mehring. Bitewe n’ibikorwa byasaga nko guca inyuma ubutegetsi, bamwe mu batangije iri tsinda baje gufungirwa i Berlin, ndetse baza no kwicwa n’abari bagize ‘conservative Free Corps (Freikorps)’.

Src: BBC.co.uk, ancient.eu, thought.com, Britannica.com

Umwanditsi: Faridi Muhawenimana-Inyarwanda.com