Ni izihe nyungu ziri mu kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe (Recycling wastes)?

Ubu, ni uburyo bwo gufata ibyo wakwita imyanda cyangwa se ibitagikenewe gukoreshwa, ukaba wabyifashisha mu gukora ibindi bintu bishya kandi byakoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe nk’ibishya. Mbega, ni ugusubiza icyari cyapfuye, kigiye kujugunywa muri mondisi, hanyuma abantu bakongera kugikoresha, cyaba cyahinduye isura na kamere cyangwa se kikiri uko cyahoze. Ugukora ibi, bigirira akamaro gahambaye umuryango mugari (sosiyete) ndetse n’ibidukikije nk’ ibiti, ubutaka, inyamaswa, isanzure, ndetse n’ibindi.

Kugera kuri iyi ntego, bisa nk’aho bikiri imbogamizi ku isi hose. Kuko, Guverinoma na Leta ndetse n’imiryango idaharanira inyungu yita ku bidukikije, baba bakangurira abantu kwirinda kwangiza ibidukikije kuko ari byo bifatiye runini imibereho yacu nk’abantu. Gusa, ntabwo twabura kuvuga ko hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe ku isi bikora iyo bwabaga ngo birwane ku bidukikije byabyo ndetse n’isi muri rusange, byihatira kubyaza umusaruro ibiba byarangije gukoreshwa n’abantu. 

Mu nkuru yanditswe muri 2017 na Worldatlas, igaragaza ko muri ‘Asia’ nka Korea y’Amajyepfo yatangije iyi gahunda mu 1992, hanyuma Singapore igatangira mu wa 2001 ndetse na Hong-Kong. Ibyo, bikaba n’ bihugu Worldatlas igaragaza nk’ibiyoboye muri gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe kuri uwo mugabane.

Uru rubuga rukomeza rugaragaza n’ibihugu bikataje muri iyo gahunda ku mugabane w’Uburayi. Harimo, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, ndetse n’Ububirigi. Gusa, gukora ibi ntabwo birangirira aho gusa, kuko bitanga umusaruro uhambaye ku baturage ndetse no mu bijyanye n’ubukungu. 

Nk’Ubusuwisi (Sweden), bwifashishije tekinoroji (technology) mu kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe, babasha gusakaza umuriro w’amashanyarazi mu ngo 250,000. Ubwo ni mu gihe ibindi bihugu usanga bigurisha ibyo byamaze gukora bivuye muri uko kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe. Muri iyi nkuru, reka tuganire ku nyungu zo kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe, abenshi tumenyere kujugunya.

Imwe mu mimaro ituruka mu kubyaza umusaruro ibyamaze gukoresha, twavugamo:

Kuba birinda bikanagabanya ingano y’ibyakoreshejwe (imyanda), ijugunywa mu butaka (nko mu byobo byacukuwe), ndetse n’ibyo batwika. Ibyo, nta kindi bifasha uretse kurinda ubutaka dukoresha mu bikorwa byinshi bya buri munsi. Ibyo bigatuma ubutaka butoya dusigaranye burindwa ibyabwangiza, bityo, bugatanga inyungu igaragara. Nka biriya bihugu byo muri ‘Asia’ twavuze haruguru, bitewe n’ubutaka butoya bifite, byirinze kubwangiza bishyiraho gahunda zo gukumira ibyo ari byo byose bihumanya ubutaka.

Ikindi twavuga, ni nko kurushaho kurinda umutungo kamere. Amazi, ibiti, ibikomoka munsi y’ubutaka (amabuye y’agaciro, peterole,…), n’ibindi. Uburyo birindwa, ni nko mu rugero twavuzeho rwa ‘Sweden’ yo ifata ibyamaze gukoreshwa, hanyuma ikabibyazamo amashanyarazi. Ubwo, izindi nzira zo kubonamo amashanyarazi, zizakoreshwa igihe zikenewe cyane. 

Nka NIH (National Institutes of Health), igaragaza ko imbaraga zikoreshwa mu kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe zigabanuka. Ibyo bigatuma imbaraga (energy) zagakoreshejwe zigabanyuka, hanyuma zigakora ibindi. Nko kubyaza umusaruro ibyasigaye mu byuma, hakoreshwa munsi ya 60%, ibyasigaye mu mpapuro z’ibinyamakuru hakoreshwa munsi ya 40%, kubyaza umusaruro ibyasigaye muri ‘plastic’ hakoreshwa iziri munsi ya 70% ndetse na 40% ku byasigaye mu birahuri.

No mu mibemereho y’abaturage, kubyaza umusaruro ibyakoreshejwe, byongera kandi bikanatanga imirimo ku batayifite. Umva uru rugero. Gutwika toni 10,000 y’ibyakoreshejwe, bitanga akazi ku muntu umwe. Mu gihe kubitaba, bitanga imirimo ku bantu 6. Hanyuma kubyaza umusaruro ingano ya toni 10,000 y’ibyakoreshejwe, birema imirimo igera kuri 36.

Icyo twahiniraho, ni uko ukubyaza umusaruro ibyamaze gukoreshwa bidufasha kurinda ahazaza (imbere hacu), mu kugabanya ibyo dushyingura mu butaka butoya busigaye, kandi buvamo ibiribwa, ndetse n’ibindi dukenera mu itaka. Ikindi, bifasha mu kugabanya ibyotsi byoherezwa mu isanzure biturutse muri ibyo byamaze gukoreshwa dutwika, bityo tukagabanya ibyago byo kwiyangiriza akayunguruzo k’izuba. 

Nano, byongerera igihe cyo kubaho cy’umutungo kamere, uba utagikoreshejwe iyo dufashe ibyamaze gukoreshwa tukabikoramo ibindi bishya cyangwa se tukabiha isura nziza bikagumana kamere yabyo, bityo, tukaba twirinze ibyuka bibi kandi byinshi by’ inganda zikora ibindi bintu bishya kandi byinshi.

Ahazaza rero, dukeneye ko tuzaba tugifite ubutaka, kandi buhingwa, bukera. Dukeneye ndetse n’ ikirere kitangiritse. Hanyuma, tukanakenera umutongo kamere twagiye twizigamira kuko twagabanyije ugukata amashyamba dushaka ibiti, gucukura tujya mu kuzima ku isi gushaka ubutunzi kamere buriyo, ndetse n’ibindi.

Inyunguzo kubyaza umusaruro ibyamaze gukoreshwa ni nyinshi, ushingiye kuri gahunda ziba zishyirwaho n’ ibihugu, ibigo bishinzwe izo gahunda, ndetse n’ abandi. Gusa, ibyinshi biba bikubiye muri ibyo twagarutseho. Aya, ni amwe mu makuru avugwa ku kubyaza umusaruro ibyamaze gukoreshwa:

1. Byibuza 5% k’ abatuye isi, batanga 40% by’ ibyamaze gukoreshwa (wastes).

2. Ibyaza umusaruro ibyamaze gukoreshwa ku isi, bitanga imirimo kubagera kuri miliyoni 1.5, bigatuma havamo amafaranga agera kuri miriyali 160$ buri mwaka.

3. Switzerland ku isi, iza mu bihugu bikataje mu kubyaza umusaruro w’ibyakoreshejwe, kuko 52% y’ ibyakoreshejwe, ibibyaza umusaruro.

4. Mu ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, bitewe n’ubukeya bw’ibyifashishwaga, impapuro zabyajijwe umusaruro (recycled) ku rwego rwa 33%.

Imbonerahamwe dukesha wastes-technology.co.uk

Src: worldatlas.com, nems.nih.gov, epa.gov, perfectrubbermulch.com, waste-technology.co.uk

Umwanditsi: Faridi Muhawenimana-Inyarwanda.com