Igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel gihabwa abantu bagize ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu kugarura amahoro ku isi. Cyatangiye gutangwa mu 1901. Nk’uko izina ribyivugira, iki gihembo cyitiriwe Alfred Nobel, Umunyasuwede w’umuvumbuzi akaba n’uwakoraga intwaro. Nobel yavutse mu 1833, apfa mu 1896.
Iki
gihembo gitangwa buri mwaka, nk’uko Nobel ubwe yabyifuje, uwagihawe agashimirwa
ibyo yakoze mu mwaka wabanje. Hahembwa umuntu watumye amakimbirane hagati
y’ibihugu arangira, agakuraho cyangwa akagabanya amakimbirane ya gisirikare
hagati y’ibihugu kugira ngo habeho amahoro.
Mu Ugushyingo 1895, Nobel yatanze igice kinini cy’umutungo we ngo habeho ibihembo
bitanu. Ibyo ni igihembo cy’amahoro, icy’ubuvanganzo, icy’ubutabire,
icy’ubugenge n’icy’ubuvuzi.
N’ubwo
Nobel ari we wihitiyemo ibi ibihembo bitanu, ntiyigeze asobanura impamvu
yahisemo igihembo cy’amahoro. Gusa abasesengura ubuzima bwe bavuga ko byari
ukwerekana urundi ruhande rutandukanye n’ingufu za kirimbuzi zari ziri
kwiyongera.
Abiy Ahmed ni we wahawe igihembyo
cy’amahoro cya Nobel muri 2019. / Nobel Media
Igihembo
cya 2019 cyahawe Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed. Yagihawe kubera
ibikorwa amaze gukora kuva yatangira kuyobora muri Mata, 2018. Mu byo yakoze
harimo kugarura amahoro hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea, nyuma y’imyaka 20 ibi
bihugu byamaze mu gihe haba “nta ntambara, nta mahoro”.
Iki
gihembo gitangwa na Komite y’Abanyanoruverije ya Nobel (The Norwegian Nobel
Committee). Ubu iki gihembo kimaze gutangwa inshuro 100, kuva 1901. Kimaze
guhabwa abantu 107, harimo abagore 17 n’imiryango (organisations) 24.
Uwahawe
iki gihembo cy’amahoro ari muto yitwa Malala Yousafzai, wari ufite imyaka 17,
ubwo yagihawe muri 2014. Uwagihawe ari mukuru kurusha abandi ni Joseph Rotblat,
wari ufite imyaka 87 muri 1995 ubwo yahembwaga.
Gusa hari imyaka iki gihembo kitatanzwe. Komite itanga iki gihembo ivugako bishoboka ko kitatangwa. Hari inshuro 19 kitatanzwe bitewe n’uko muri iyo myaka habaga hatarabayemo ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa ku buryo byahembwa.
Iyo kitatanzwe amafaranga ashyirwa mu kigega cy’Umurwango Nobel. Mu myaka yabayemo intambara ya mbere n’iya kabiri z’isi, hatanzwe ibihembo bikeya.
Iki gihembo kandi gishobora guhabwa abantu barenze umwe.
Abaheruka kugihabwa ari babiri ni Dr Dennis Mukwege, umuganga wo muri
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ndetse na Nadia Murad wo muri Iraki,
bagihawe muri 2018.
Source:
nobelprize.org
Umwanditsi: Moise Mugisha Bahati
TANGA IGITECYEREZO