Bimwe mu byerekeye Stephen Hawking watabarutse afatwa nk’uwavumbuye inkomoko y’isi

Urupfu rwa Stephen Hawking rwahuriranye n’amatariki asobanuye byinshi mu isi y’abanyabwenge, dore ko yapfuye ku isabukuru y’imyaka 300 Galileo wahimbye Thermoscope atabarutse. Ku itariki 14/03 kandi ni bwo Albert Einstein yavutse, nawe akaba yari umuhanga cyane mu by’ubugenge. Ibi benshi babihuje n’uko aba bagabo bose bafite amateka akomeye mu kuvumbura ibintu byagiriye isi akamaro cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ubugenge ndetse no guhimba ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu kurema ikoranabuhanga rigezweho dukoresha.

Ese Stephen Hawking yatanze musanzu ki mu bugenge (physics)?

Uyu mugabo yasobanuye neza ibijyanye na Black holes ndetse anasuzuma neza inkomoko y’isanzure (Big bang). Ibi ni ibintu bigenderwaho cyane ku bakora ibijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere (astronauts/cosmonauts) kugeza ubu. Big Bang Theory ni igice cy’ubumenyi kirebana n’inkomoko y’isi n’isanzure muri rusange. Hawking yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Big Bang Theory yemeza ko isi n’isanzure muri rusange byaturutse ku kantu gatoya kabyimbye kakiyongera (Expansion) kakabyara iyi si dutuye, indi mibumbe n’inyenyeri ndetse n’ikirere bikitandukanya biturutse ku mihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe.

Stephen Hawking kandi yasobanuye ibijyanye na Black hole aho wafatwaga nk’umwobo ukurura buri kintu cyose kiwunyura hejuru ntihagire na kimwe kigaruka, we yaje kubona ko mass energy igaruka nka radiations ('If we send someone off to jump into a black hole, neither he nor his constituent atoms will come back, but his mass energy will come back'). Ibi Hawking yavumbuye byitwa gravitational singularity theorems zifashishwa n’abakora cyane ibijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere. Hawking kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gufasha abantu gusobanukirwa igihe (Time) mu buryo bwa science. Uretse ibi kandi, Hawking yanditse ibitabo bitandukanye bisobanura amategeko atandukanye yo muri physique anagaragara muri filime Star Trek: The next generation ndetse hari filime zitandukanye zimwerekeyeho zakinwe cyangwa zerekeye ku buvumbuzi bwe.

N’ubwo yakoze ibi byose, Hawking yari afite ubumuga butuma atabasha kwandika no kuvuga

Stephen Hawking yavutse tariki 08/01/1942, avukira Oxford mu Bwongereza ku babyeyi b’abahanga ku buryo mu gace bari batuyemo mu bwana bwe (St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK) uyu muryango wari uzwi nk’uw’abahanga ariko bakaba abantu batangaje batabayeho nk’abandi (Eccentric) ku buryo ngo babaga bari gusangira ku meza buri wese arya ari no gusoma igitabo nta witaye ku wundi. Nyina wa Stephen yari yarize ibijyanye na philosophy, politics and economics n'aho se yarize iby’ubuganga.

Stephen Hawking n'umugore we, mbere yo kuzahazwa n'uburwayi

N’ubwo yaje kuba umwe mu bahanga isi ya none yagize cyane cyane, akiri umwana ngo ntiyatsindaga neza mu ishuri, ku buryo yagize imyaka 8 ataramenya neza gusoma. N’aho yigiye hejuru mu by’amashuri, ngo yakunze kugaragara nk’umunyeshuri w’umunebwe udakunda kwita ku by’ishuri, nyamara agakunda ibyo benshi batitagaho bijyanye na Astrophysics. Yize muri kaminuza ya Oxford ariko mu gushaka impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga yiga muri University of Cambridge.

Ku myaka 21 gusa ni bwo yaje kubwirwa ko arwaye indwara yitwa Motor neurone disease ndetse abaganga bamubwira ko atazarenza imyaka 2 akiriho. Siko byagenze ariko kuko uyu mugabo n’ubwo yagiye acika intege no kumugara bya burundu, yabonye ubuvuzi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwamufashaga kubona imashini akandaho ibyo ashaka kuvuga mu gihe atari akibasha kuvuga.

Nyuma ni bwo yaje gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kunyeganyeza amaboko bituma hakoreshwa imitsi yo mu itama rye mu gukoresha iyo mashini yamufashaka kuvuga ibyo ashaka. Iyo mitsi yo mu itama nayo yaje gucika intege akoresherezwa indi mashini ikorana neza n’ubwonko bwe ku buryo abasha gutekereza ibintu hanyuma ya mashini ikamufasha kubishyira mu majwi akabwira abamuteze amatwi.

Stephen Hawking yabaga mu mashini imufasha kuvugana n'abantu

Ubu buvumbuzi bwose yabukoraga agendera mu kagare ndetse atanyeganyega ku buryo yabaga afite abantu batandukanye bamufasha gushyira mu nyandiko no gusobanura ibyo avuga n’ibitekerezo bye. Muri  1965 yashakanye n’umugore witwa Jane Wilde babyarana abana 3 barimo uwitwa Lucy Hawking wandika ibitabo by’abana ndetse akanaba umunyamakuru. Muri 1995 yaje gutandukana na Jane Wilde ashakana na Elaine Manson wari umuganga ushinzwe kumwitaho gusa nawe baje gutandukana muri 2006. Yahawe ibihembo byinshi bitandukanye ku ruhare yagize mu bumenyi bw’isi ya none n’ikoranabuhanga.

Aha ari kumwe n'umuryango we

Nk’umuntu wazanye iby’inkomoko y’isi n’ibindi biri mu isanzure (big bang), Hawking ntiyemeraga Imana ahubwo yavugaga ko yemera science kuko ari yo ivuga ibintu bigaragarira amaso mu buryo busobanutse akemeza ko nta Mana ibaho. Yaburiye abatuye isi kandi ko ikiremwamuntu nta buzima bwizewe kizaba gifite mu myaka 100 iri imbere mu gihe hadafashwe ingamba zo gukumira intwaro zitandukanye, kurinda ibidukikije n’ikirere muri rusange. Igisubizo Hawking yatanze ku kwirinda impanuka zishobora no gutungurana mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, harimo ko ikiremwamuntu cyagerageza gukoloniza indi mibumbe kugira ngo ikiremwamuntu gikomeze kubungabungwa.

Yahawe ibihembo n'amashimwe n'imidali bitandukanye

Mbere y'uko apfa, Hawking yifuje ko formule yakoze isobanura ibijyanye na radiation ya black holes yashyirwa ku mva ye:

Kanda hano urebe amateka magufi ya Stephen Hawking: