Amwe mu mateka n’ibigwi bya Haile Selassie ufatwa n’abarasta nka Mesiya

Haile Selassie wa mbere, umwami w’abami (emperor) w’igihugu cya Ethiopia yavutse yitwa Tafari Makonnen Wordemikael taliki ya 23 Nyakanga 1892 aza gutanga taliki ya 27 Kanama 1975 akaba yari umukirisitu wo mu idini rya Orthodox. Yahagarariye ubwami bwa Ethiopia kuva mu mwaka w’1916 kugeza mu mwaka w’1930 aho yahise aba umwami kugeza mu mwaka w’1974 yitwa Haile Selassie wa mbere ari umwami w’abami ba Ethiopia ingoma yahererekanye mu muryango umwe kuva ku bwami bwa Salomon. Haile Selassie ni umuntu ufite ubusobanuro bugari kuri Ethiopia ndetse no kuri Afurika yose.

Haile Selassie akomoka mu miryango y’abami ikomoka ku gisekuruza cy’umwami Salomon wa Israel akaba akomoka mu bwoko bwa Amhara, akaba afite n’amaraso ya Omoro na Gurage. Yavutse Taliki ya 23 Nyakanga mu mwaka w’1892, avukira ahitwa Ejersa Goro, mu ntara ya Harar muri Ethiopia. Mama we yari Yeshimebet Ali Abajifar akaba umukobwa w’umuyobozi w’aba Omoro bo mu ntara ya Wollo Dejazmach Ali Abijifar.

Nyirakuru ubyara nyina yari uwo mu miryango y’abagurage. Se wa Tafari yari Ras Makonnen Woldemikael Gudessa, akaba yari umuyobozi w’intara ya Harar. Haile Selassie yabaye umwami abivanye mu gisekuru cya se kuko nyirakuru ubyara se Madamu Sahle Selassie yari nyirasenge w’umwami w’abami Menelik wa 2 akaba n’umukobwa w’umwami  Sahle Selassie wa Shewa. Ibyo byahaga Haile Selassie, uburenganzira bwo kuba umwami kuko yari umwe mu bo mu gisekuruza cy’ umwami Salomon na Makeba umwamikazi wa Sheba igisekuru cy’ubwami bwa Israel.

Haile Selassie afatwa nka Mesiya ku bemera Rastafari

Mu nzira zo kumutunganyiriza ubwami, afite imyaka 13 y’amavuko, Tafari yahawe akazina ka Dejazmach bisobanuye ngo:”umuyobozi w’ururembo.” Nyuma mu mwaka w’1906 nibwo se yitabye Imana maze Tafari ahita ahabwa Umwanya ukomeye mu buyobozi bw’ iyo ntara afite izina rya Selale. Nyuma y’umwaka 1, mu 1907 Tafari yahawe kuyobora agace k’intara ya Sidamo.

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa mukuru we mu mwaka w’1907, Intara ya Harar yasigaye nta muyobozi igira maze ubuyobozi bwayo buhabwa umusirikare umwe mu ngabo z’umwami Menelik Balcha Safo utarayiyoboye neza, aribwo nyuma y’urupfu rw’umwami Menelik wa 2 Tafari yahise ahabwa kuyobora iyi ntara kuva mu mwaka w’1910 kugeza mu 1911.

Taliki 3 za Kanama Tafari yahise arongora Menen Asfaw wa Ambessel wari mwishywa wa Lij Iyasu nawe wagombaga kujya ku ntebe y’ubwami bwa Ambessel. Umwami Iyasu, yagiranye ubushyamirane bukomeye na Haile Selassie ahanini bitewe n’iko Iyasu yashakaga kuzana aba Islam mu bwami kandi Tafari atabishaka, maze bamukura ho ahubwo mu mwanya we bahashyira Zewditu, umukobwa w’umwami Menelik (yari nyirasenge wa Iyasu) maze Tafari azamurwa mu ntera ahabwa ipeti rya Ras ndetse aba igikomangoma kizima ingoma. Mu igabana ry’ubutegetsi Tafari yaje kugirwa uhagarariye ubwami maze aba umwami utarima w’ubwami bwa Ethiopia aho yahabwaga amabwiriza na Zewditu.

Haile Selassie akiri umwana

Mu gihe yari ahagarariye ubwami bwa Ethiopia, Tafari yagiye ashyira ho amategeko atandukanye hari mo n’iryo kwirinda indwara z’ibyorezo zari zitangiye kwibasira Ethiopia maze abasha gukiza igihugu icyorezo cy’ibicurane cyo mu 1918. Yatumye Ethiopia yamerwa muri SDN (yaje guhinduka ONU) kandi atuma hava ho ubucakara byari byarananiye abami benshi, byatumye abacakara barenga miliyoni 2 babarurwaga muri Ethiopia babona ukwishyira bakizana.

Mu mwaka w’1924, igihe yari agihagarariye ubwami, Ras Tafari yatembereye ibihugu byinshi by’I burayi no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati aho yageze mu mijyi nka Yeruzalemu, Cairo, Alexandria, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stockholm, London, Geneve na Athens aho ari aherekejwe n’ikipe y’abayobozi 4 bari bakomeye mu gihugu. Intego y’uru rugendo yari ugushaka uko igihugu cya Ethiopia cyabona inzira yo mu Nyanja.

Amaze kubona ko uyu mugambi we utazagerwa ho, yashatse uko yakorana n’abanyaburayi mu bikorwa by’iterambere nko kubaka Amashuri, amavuriro, insengero ariko n’ubwo yashakaga ubu bufatanye nti yashakaga ko abanyaburayi babigira ho ijambo kuko yangaga ko bakwigarurira igihugu cye maze asaba ko ibigo byose byo mu gihugu byagirwa mo igice kinini n’abanyagihugu. Icyo gihe yagize ati:”dukeneye abanyaburayi kuko batugose ahantu hose. Ubufatanye nabo ni amahirwe kandi nanone ni bibi.”

Mu mwaka w’1928, Tafari mu gihe yari ari ku mwanya w’uhagarariye ubwami, yarwanywaga na Balcha Sato wayoboraga Intara ya Sidamo yari ikize ku ikawa cyane, washatse no gutera ubwami I Addis Ababa ariko nti abigereho. Mu kubona ko ikibazo cya Balcha Sato gishobora kuzagira ingaruka ku gihugu, umwamikazi Zewditu, yimitse Tafari nk’umwami n’ubwo hari ababirwanyaga bashaka guhirika ubwami ariko Zewditu yari agitegeka. Zewditu amaze gutanga, Tafari yabaye Neguse Negest ze-Ityopp’ya(bisobanuye umwami w’abami wa Ethiopia), yambikwa ikamba ry’ubwami taliki ya 2 Ugushyingo 1930 kuri Cathedral ya mutagatifu George y’I Addis Ababa.

Iki gikorwa cyabaye akataraboneka cyitabiriwe n’abami n’abategetsi bakomeye baturutse imihanda yose y’isi, harimo igikomangoma Henry cy’ubufaransa, igikomangoma Udine cy’ubutaliyani, uhagarariye Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Misiri, Suwede, ububiligi, Ubuyapani,n’abandi batandukanye. Haile Selassie yashyize ho itegekonshinga rya mbere ryanditse rya Ethiopia mu mwaka w’1931 taliki ya 16 Nyakanga, itegeko ryahaga ububasha abategetsi bakuru, ariko rigashyiraho amahame ya demokarasi mu bategetsi aho abturage aribo babashyiraga ho. Iri tegeko ryashyiragaho itegeko rivuga ko abami ba Ethiopia bazamukurikira bagomba kuba bakomoka ku muryango we.

Ku ngoma ye yahanganye bikomeye n’igihugu (ubwami) cy’ubutaliyani cyashakaga kwigarurira Ethiopia nk’amwe mu matware yacyo mu mwaka w’1930. Benito Mussolini, wayoboraga ubutaliyani yashatse kwihimura bitewe n’intambara ya mbere ubutaliyani bwari bwaratsinzwe mo na Ethiopia, no gufata Ethiopia akabushyira hamwe na Eritrea na Somalia yari yarigaruriye kandi kuba Ethiopia yari iri mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’abibumbye, byayihaga umutekano ko ubutaliyani butayitera. Nyamara ibyo ntacyo byamaze kuko abanyamuryango bamwe mu  kanama kari gashinzwe umutekano mu muryango w’abibumbye kashakaga gufasha ubutaliyani muri iyo ntambara.

Nyuma ya taliki 5 ukuboza 1934, u Butaliyani bumaze kugaba igitero cya mbere kuri Ethiopia mu ntara ya Ogeden, Haile Selassie yahuje ingabo zose z’amajyaruguru maze ashinga ibirindiro mu gace ka Desse mu ntara ya Wollo. Yatanze ijambo asaba buri muturage wese wa Ethiopia guhaguruka akarwana uru rugamba taliki ya 3 ukwakira 1935 agira ati:”ni urwana ku gihugu cyawe cya Ethiopia, urupfu rw’inkorora n’ibicurane wari kuzapfa wanze kurwana aho iwanyu utuye, umwanzi wacu uduteye aturutse mu gihugu cya kure, ni utsimbarara ku kutitanga ngo utange amaraso yawe kubw’igihugu cyawe, uzahora ubyicuza kandi umuremyi wawe azabikuziza iteka ryose kugeza no kubana bawe.

Ariko ni ukomera ku cyo gukunda igihugu cyawe no kugiha agaciro, ni byo bizatuma ufata icyemezo cyo kurwana uko ushoboye kose, kandi bizatuma amateka yawe yandikwa n’abazaza bakazayamenya. Mu nzira yawe ni ukora ku bintu byo mu nzu, ku nka by’abandi bizaba ari nko kwica umuvandimwe wawe kandi azaba ari gupfana nawe. Baturage muri ahantu hatandukanye, nimufate intwaro maze umunsi abayobozi banyu bazababwira kujya imbere muharanira ubwigenge bwa Ethiopia nti bizabe ibintu bidukomereye.

Nti muzakora ibintu bikomeye kugeza igihe uru rugamba ruzarangirira. Nyuma y’uko urugamba rurangiye, abatazaba baragiye ku rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cyabo bazanyagwe ibyabo byose, birimo n’ubuzima bwabo maze bitatu bya kane bizahabwe abazaba barabikoze.”

Haile Selassie yahaye amabwiriza 3 y’urugamba ingabo ze, harimo kwiga kwihisha indege n’andi. Icyo gihe ubutaliyani bwari bufite ibikoresho n’imirwanire iteye imbere kurusha Ethiopia, dore ko bari bafite n’intwalo z’ubumara banashaka gutera aho abatabara imbabare bakoreraga kugira ngo hatazagira umunya Ethiopia n’umwe utabarwa cyakoze ibyo byanyuranyaga n’amategeko agenga umuryango w’abibumbye byatumye ubutaliyani bufatirwa ibihano.

Mu ntangiriro z’ukwakira 1935, abataliyani bateye Ethiopia ariko ingabo zo mu majyaruguru zibasha gusubiza inyuma iz’abataliyani. Bitewe n’uko abataliyani barushaga Ethiopia imbaraga batsinze ingabo z’amajyaruguru maze umwami Haile Selassie yiyemeza kwigira ku rugamba agatera ingabo z’abataliyani aho zari zikambitse mu majyepfo ya Tigray.

Icyo gihe ingabo ze zaratsinzwe zisubira muri Dissay. Nyuma yo gutsindwa Haile Selassie yagiye wenyine mu masengesho yo gusabira igihugu cye cyari kigeze habi mu rusengero rwa Lalibela aho atatinyaga kuba yafatwa n’abataliyani. Nyuma yo gutsindwa no kunanirwa kurinda umurwa mukuru wa Addis Ababa, byabaye ngombwa ko ibikorwa by’ubwami byimukira mu mujyi wa Gore, kandi umwamikazi Afsaw n’umuryango w’ibwami wose uhungishirizwa muri Djibuti bakomereza muri Yeruzalemu aho umwami nawe yagombaga kubasanga.

Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye yateraniye I Genève mu busuwisi yiga ku kuba Haile Selassie yasanga umuryango we muri Yeruzalemu maze yanzura ko agomba guhungana n’umuryango we, ariko abantu benshi barwanya icyo cyemezo cyo kuba ubwami bwa Ethiopia bwahunga umwanzi. Haile Selassie mbere yo kujya mu buhungiro yahaye uburenganzira mubyara we Imru Haile Selassie bwo gutegeka mu mwanya we maze ahungira muri Djibuti mu mwaka w’1936 taliki ya 2 gicurasi. Taliki ya 5 nyuma y’iminsi 3 umwami ahunze, Marshal Pietro Bodoglio yayoboye ingabo z’abataliyani zerekeza I Addis Ababa maze Mussolini wari uyoboye ubutaliyani atangaza ko Ethiopia ibaye Intara imwe mu ntara zigize igihugu cy’ubutaliyani Victor Emmanuel wa 3 ashyirwa ho nk’umwami mushya wa Ethiopia.

Nyuma y’aho umuryango w’ibwami wa Ethiopia uhungiye, wagiye gutura muri Parestine bahava berekeza I Yeruzalemu. Gutura I Yeruzalemu, byari bifite igisobanuro kinini nk’abantu bakomoka ku gisekuru cya Salomon kandi bo mu muryango wa Dawidi. Bavuye ku butaka butagatifu bwa Yeruzalemu, bajyanywe kuri Gibraltar.

Umuryango w’abibumbye wahaye umwanya Haile Selassie wo kugeza ijambo ku nteko y’umuryango nyuma y’uko ahunze, maze icyo gihe uwari uyoboye inama ahamagara Haile mu cyubahiro nk’umwami maze Haile Selassie ageza ijambo ku bari bagize iyo nama na n’ubu rigifatwa nk’ijambo rikakaye mu kinyejana cya 20 ryagaragaramo amagambo yo gukunda igihugu no gushaka kukitangira ndetse no kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’igitugu ku isi hose.

Ijambo rye ryatumye umuryango w’abibumbye ufatira ibihano ubutaliyani. Haile Selassie yamaze mu buhungiro imyaaka 5 mu gihugu cy’ubwongereza, mu myaka yose yamaze mu buhungiro yakoraga ibikorwa byo gukangurira abantu gushikama bagahangana n’abataliyani kandi ko Imana izabafasha.

Ubukangurambaga yakoraga bwakomeje gutuma ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi bimufasha cyane cyane iby’abakirisitu maze mu mwaka w’1940 bishyira igitutu ku bwami bw’ubutaliyani ngo bave mu gihugu cy’abandi. Kuva mu mwaka w’1941, Haile Selassie atewe inkunga n’ingabo z’abongereza, abafaransa n’ububiligi batsinze ingabo z’abataliyani zibirukana muri Ethiopia maze Haile Selassie atangira kwitwa intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda.

Taliki ya 5 Gicurasi 1941, Haile Selassie yinjiye mu murwa mukuru Addis Ababa nyuma y’imyaka 5 ari mu buhungiro ageza ijambo rye rya mbere ku baturage ryari ryuzuye mo amagambo y’Imana aho yagiraga ati:”uyu munsi niwo munsi twatsinze umwanzi wacu. Ariko ni tuvuga ngo twishimire mu mitima yacu, nta bundi buryo tugomba kwishima mo butari ukwishima mu izina rya Kirisitu. Nti mugahore ikibi ku kindi. Nti mwifuze gukorera abanzi bacu ikibi nk’uko babidukoreye. Kugeza ku munota wacu wa nyuma. Mwiyiteho nti mukorere Etiyopiya yacu ibyashimisha umwanzi wacu.

Turashimishwa kandi n’uko umwanzi wacu yambuwe intwaro agataha uko yaje. Nk’uko mutagatifu George yatsinze ibibi bikomeye, ni nako abagaba b’ingabo zacu n’abadufashije babigenje. Nimureke twihuze n’abadufashije kugera kuri iyi ntsinzi mu bumwe budasaza, kugirango bizadufashe gutsinda ibindi bibi byose twazahura nabyo.”

Haile Selassie ni we wabaye umuyobozi w’umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe wa mbere ukimara gushingwa akaba ari nawe igitekerezo cyo kuwushinga cyaturutseho. Haile Selassie yatanze ingabo ze mu muryango w’abibumbye zagombaga gucunga amahoro muri Congo,  kandi Haile Selassie yagize uruhare runini mu bwigenge bw’ibihugu bya Afurika.

Mu mwaka w’1974 taliki ya 12 Nzeli, Haile Selassie yafunzwe n’ingabo zakurikiraga igikomangoma Asfa Wossen washakagakumuhirika ku butegetsi zari ziyobowe na general Aman Mikael Andom wakomokaga mu gihugu cya Eritereya mu nzu yakoreraga mo division ya 4 I Addis Ababa ndetse umuryango we ufungirwa mu nzu y’I Harar. Ubuzima bwa nyuma bwa Haile Selassie yabumaze muri gereza, n’umuryango we wose.

Abari barafashe ubutegetsi bwe bagiye bikiza abantu bari bakomeye mu bwami bwe buhoro buhoro, aho abategetsi bakuru 60 taliki ya 23 Ugushyingo 1974 bishwe nta rubanza baciriwe bari mo n’umwuzukuru we. Umunsi  ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye ho wiswe Uwa gatandatu w’amaraso muri Etiyopiya bwakozwe n’uwari wafashe ubutegetsi ariwe igikomangoma Asfa Wossen, washakaga kuba umwami akarangiza ubwami bw’umuryango wa Salomon.

Taliki ya 28, Kanama 1975, itangazamakuru rya leta ryatangaje ko umwami ucyuye igihe Haile Selassie yatanze taliki ya 27 Kanama azize kubura umwuka nyuma yo kubagwa udusabo tw’intanga. Uwari ushinzwe kwita ku buzima bwe yamaganiye kure ayo magambo, avuga ko guverinoma ibeshya ku mpamvu y’urupfu rwe, avuga ko umwami yishwe kandi ni nako abantu bose bari bakimwubaha bizera kugeza na n’ubu. Ku mugore we, umwamikazi Afsaw, Haile Selassie yabyaye abana 6, n’undi mwana umwe yari yarabyaranye n’umugore we wa mbere Altayech ari we Romanework.

Abemera Rastafari, bemera ko Haile Selassie ariwe watoranyijwe n’imana kuzarinda ubwoko bwayo aho no muri Bibiliya byanditse muri Zaburi ya 68:31, havuga ngo “Ethiopia izazamura amaboko yayo ku mana”. Rastafari bituruka ku izina rye yari afite ataraba umwami ari ryo rigizwe n’inyito yahawe nk’umuyobozi w’intara RAS bivuga “umuyobozi”n’izina rye bwite TAFARI. Iyo myizerere yageze muri Jamaica mu mwaka w’1930 kubera uko Haile Selassie yagaragazaga gushaka kwishyira no kwizana kw’abanyafurika, bigenda bikura kugeza ubwo bibaye ikintu kinini cyakwitwa idini.

Haile Selassie afatwa nk’uwatumwe n’imana kuyobora abanyafurika ku bwigenge no gutahuka kw’abahejwe iwabo. Kuba yitwa intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda, umwami w’abami woherejwe n’imana abikomora ku kuba ari uwo mu gisekuru cy’umwami Salomon . Izi nyito zemerwa n’abemera Rastafari, nk’icyemeza ko ariwe mesiya waje bivugwa mu gitabo cy’ubuhanuzi mu isezerano rishya rivuga ngo: umwami w’abami, umuyobozi w’abayobozi, intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda, ikomoka mu muryango wa Dawidi. Imyemerere ya Rastafari iha icyubahiro Haile Selassie nk’umutagatifu.