Ese akarango k'umuco nyarwanda kagaragazwa gute muri filime zikorwa n'abanyarwanda?

Aha twabaha urugero kuri filime zituruka mu gihugu cy’ubuhinde, aho wayumva hose (utanayireba) uhita wumva neza ko ari iyo mu Buhinde (abanyarwanda bakunze kwita ibihinde) bitewe ahanini n’amajwi uba wumva, uretse ko atari yo yonyine aranga umuco gakondo w’igihugu filime yakorewemo.

REBA INDIRIMBO KUCH KUCH HOTA HAI IMWE MU NDIRIMBO ZAKUNZWE CYANE IVUYE MURI FILIME BYITIRANWA NAYO YAKUNZWE CYANE (Ikaba imwe mu ziranga umuco w'abahinde):

Ese muri filime zikorwa n’abanyarwanda, akarango k’umuco nyarwanda karihe? Ese wareba filime uretse kumva iri mu Kinyarwanda ugahita umenya ko yakozwe n’umunyarwanda?

Twifashishije umushakashatsi kuri sinema akaba n’ umwarimu wigisha amasomo ya Sinema muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishami rya Huye Jean Claude Uwiringiyimana, yatangiye adusobanurira aho filime ihurira n’umuco.

Jean Claude aragira ati: “sinema ikomatanya ingeri zinyuranye z’ubuhanzi harimo gukina ibikorwa bibera ku kabuga (ikinamico), muzika iherekeza amashusho, amagambo cyangwa imivugano (dialogues) iherekeza ibikorwa by’abakinamico (actors), imyubakire y’ahakinirwa ndetse n’uko hatatse, imikoreshereze y’amabara n’ibindi, birumvikana ko sinema ari ingeri y’ubuhanzi ibasha kugaragaza umuco gakondo kuko iba yabinyujije muri rwa rusobe rw’izindi ngeri z’ubuhanzi ziyigize kandi na zo zubakiye ku muco na gakondo.  firime izana abantu n’imico yabo mu mboneshashusho (screen), ikerekana imibereho yabo, mu buryo butandukanye cyane n’uko amagambo yabivuga cyangwa amafoto asanzwe yabyerekana. Sinema.”

Aha twamubajije akamaro filime igira mu kwamamaza umuco gakondo w’igihugu ikomokamo, maze agira ati: “birumvikana; ku benegihugu, sinema cyangwa firime zabo bibabera indorerwamo bireberamo (ku birebana n’imigirire yabo ya buri munsi) kuko firime iyo ari yo yose iba ari igihangano cyubakiye ku biriho. Ku banyamahanga bo, iyo firime izaba ari nka reterovizeri (retroviseur) bareberamo ba benegihugu bakamenya imigirire yabo ndetse n’umuco wabo. Firime ni igihangano gikwiye kwitonderwa n’abagikora kuko kigaragaza ishusho y’umuco runaka n’abenegihugu runaka.”

Akomeza aduha ingero z’uburyo filime ari igikoresho mu kwamamaza imico ndetse n’imigirire gakondo y’abenegihugu.

Aragira ati: “Nko mu gihe cya gikoroni, firime zakozwe n’abazungu ku birabura zakoreshejwe nk’igikoresho cyo kwamamaza ubunyamusozi n’ubunyamaswa bw’abo birabura ku buryo n’umuzungu utari wakageze muri Afurika, yibikagamo iyo shusho y’umwirabura bishingiye kuri izo firime yarebye bita mu ndimi z’amahanga “ethnographic films”.

No mu bushakashatsi bukorwa ubu usanga iyo myumvire itararangiye, aho muri firime zikorwa n’ubu n’abazungu ku birabura usanga akenshi zishyira hejuru umukinamico w’umuzungu, mu rwego rwo kwamamaza ubushobozi bwabo kurusha abirabura. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe kandi n’ubu biracyakorwa. Gusa ikibabaje ni uko sinema yacu ishaka kwigana iyo mico tutazi n’ingengabitekerezo ziba ziyiri inyuma. Nk’urugero, firime nyinshi za Hollywood zakozwe ku ntambara yo muri Vietnam, nta na rimwe berekana ishusho mbi y’Amerika (buri gihe ni ubutwari mu bihe bikomeye) kandi amateka atubwira ibinyuranye. Iyo tubona “action films” zabo, zirimo imbunda zihambaye, ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe, nta yindi shusho baba bashaka kwereka isi uretse nyine iy’ubwo buhangange mu ikoranabuhanga, mu iperereza n’ibindi. Twazireba mu ngo zacu, natwe bamwe mu bahanzi tukabyuka twigana iyo miseruko (scenes) irimo imbunda (ahabonetse) kandi bitari mu migirire yacu ya buri munsi.

Muri zimwe wagira ngo imbunda ni igikoresha wagura mu isoko nk’ugura umwenda! Hakaba hakwiye gutekerezwa (abahanzi nitwe twabikora) ku buryo twakora firime ziryoheye abarebyi ariko zinatanga n’ishusho y’umuco wacu (aha ku ruhande rwiza, kuko nta wagakwiriye kwiyerekana nabi hanze).”

Ku kirebana n’ibigenderwaho mu kugaragaza umuco gakondo w’igihugu muri filime Jean Claude Uwiringiyimana yagize ati: “Akenshi hibandwa ku ndangagaciro zigize uwo muco kandi bene izo ndangagaciro zubakira ku murongo w’ingengabitekerezo abanegihugu bihaye mu kugena imigirire yabo n’imyumvire y’isi ibakikije.

Nahoze mvuga kuri za “action films” z’I Hollywood zubakiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru (ndavuga ku bikinwa, si uburyo amashusho afashe) byerekana ubuhangange bwabo kandi nabo biyiziho. Ni ukuvuga ko Umunyarwanda ashatse gukora firime igaragaza neza umuco we, azashingira kuri za ndangagaciro z’Abanyarwanda twihitiyemo kutubera umuyoboro harimo kubaha Imana, gukunda igihugu,…Ese Umunyarwanda avuga ate, agenza ate, yitwara ate mu ngorane runaka (yishimye, ababaye), abana ate n’abandi, asangira ate na bo, asabana ate, ibirori binyuranye mu muco wacu bikorwa bite (ubukwe, kwita izina umwana, gushyingura, …)?

Simvuze aha ko firime zigomba kuba icengezamatwara ahubwo niba inkuru iyo ari yose igaragaza umukinamico w’icyitegererezo (protagonist) yagombye kuba yifitemo izo ndangagaciro z’umuco wacu (ziza zikosora iza “antagonist” mu nkuru akenshi uba ukora ibinyuranya na zo). Urugero niba hari firime y’umuntu witangira gukiza cyangwa kurokora uri mu kaga atitaye ku ngaruka byamugiraho, icyo gihe iyo firime izaba yamamaza indangagaciro yo gukunda igihugu, kuko igihugu si ubutaka gusa n’imipaka yabwo, ni abatuye kuri ubwo butaka. Ingero zaba nyinshi aha, bishingiye ku nkuru runaka y’umuhanzi.”

Jean Claude Uwiringiyimana

Ku bijyanye n’uburyo abona akarango k’umuco nyarwanda kagaragazwa muri filime zikorwa n’abanyarwanda, ndetse n’inama z’uburyo abona byagenda yagize ati: “Mu nteruro imwe navuga nti “ abazikora ntibabyitaho yenda kuko batanabitekerezaho”. Inyinshi ni firime z’urwiganwa n’ubwo zaba zivuga ku buzima bw’Abanyarwanda. Usanga ubwo buzima bushyirwa mu iforomo idatanga ishusho nyayo y’umuco nyarwanda. Aha hantu hakwiye kuzirikanwa kuko bidahindutse byagorana ko firime nyarwanda iba uburyo bwo kwamamaza mu mahanga umuco nyarwanda n’indangagaciro zawo, -byumvikane-, mu buryo butabangamira icyerekezo bwite cy’inganzo.”

Ku mugabane wa Afurika asanga ibihugu bigerageza gukora filime zigaragaza umuco gakondo ari ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru nka Mali, Mauritania,… aho avuga ko byafashe inzira yashushanyijwe n’umwe mu bantu bafatwa nk’ababyeyi ba sinema nyafurika Sembene Ousmane, naho ibindi bice harimo no mu Rwanda bakaba barafashe inzira y’uwitwa Med Hondo itandukira cyane umuco gakondo.

Asanga kandi gukora filime zigaragaza umuco gakondo n’umwihariko w’aho zituruka bigira akamaro kanini kuko uretse kuba zakwerekana isura y’umuco w’igihugu mu mahanga, zinegukana ibihembo bikomeye ku rwego rw’isi.

Yemeza ko kandi ibihugu cy’u Bushinwa n’u Buyapani bikora filime zigaragaza imico yabo aho usanga ziba ziganjemo imikino njyarugamba nka Karate (U Buyapani) na Taichi (U Bushinwa) maze natwe tukabyigana muri firime zacu tutazi ko tuba dukora urwiganwa rw’imico y’abandi.

Jean Claude Uwiringiyimana asoza atanga inama, ku bakora filime mu Rwanda, aho agira ati: “Mu Rwanda, muri iyi myaka mike sinema imaze ivutse, bikenewe ko twakwiha icyerekezo nk’ibindi bihugu navuze, tukareka gukora firime zishingiye ku rwiganwa rw’imico y’ahandi kuko ba nyira yo barahibereye kugira ngo bayikoreho firime zabo bamenyekanishe imico yabo ku ruhando mpuzamahanga; dore ko dukomeje urwiganwa byagorana kubikora nk’uko bo babikora kuko nk’uko Umunyarwanda yabivuze ati “Ingendo y’undi iravuna”.

Aha nk'inyarwanda.com, twatanga umwanzuro ko inzego zose zifite aho zihurira n'umuco, atari abahanzi gusa harimo inteko y'igihugu y'ururimi n'umuco (RALC) ndetse na minisiteri ifite umuco mu nshingano zayo (MINISPOC) bagakwiye gushyiraho amabwiriza arebana n'uburyo umuco nyarwanda ugaragazwa muri filime zikorwa n'abanyarwanda kuko ari nabwo zizagaragaza isura nyayo y'igihugu zikomokamo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Mutiganda Janvier